Texas Instruments (TI) Solar Micro Inverter Solution

Texas Instruments (TI) Solar Micro Inverter Solution

Design considerations

Solar Micro Inverter | Solar Panel System Design

Principle block diagram of solar micro-inverter

Photovoltaic (PV) installations connected to the grid usually use an array of modules in series with string inverters. The micro-inverter, a fast-growing architecture that converts the power of PV modules to an AC grid, is usually used for maximum output power in the range of 180-300W. The advantages of micro-inverters are ease of installation, local maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and redundancy to provide robustness to failure.

The core of the inverter is the MPPT algorithm that can be executed by a microcontroller or MPPT controller. The controller performs the required high-precision algorithms to maintain the panel at the maximum power extraction point while adjusting the DC-DC and DC-AC conversion to generate the grid output AC voltage. In addition, the controller is responsible for frequency locking of the power grid. The controller is also programmed to perform the control loop necessary for all power management functions. The maximum PV output power depends on the working conditions and is constantly changing due to temperature, shadow, dirtiness, cloudiness and time. Therefore, tracking and adjusting this maximum power point is a continuous process. The controller contains advanced peripherals such as high-precision PWM outputs and ADCs for performing control loops. The ADC measures variables such as PV output voltage and current, and then changes the PWM duty cycle according to the load to adjust the DC / DC converter and DC / AC converter. The complex plan is used to track the actual maximum even number in the partially shadow PV module.

Real-time processors designed to read ADCs and adjust PWM in a single clock cycle are very attractive. The communication of a simple system can be handled by a single processor. For complex systems with complex monitoring and reporting functions, auxiliary processors may be required. Current sensing is performed through fluxgate sensors or shunt resistors. For safety reasons, it may be necessary to isolate the processor from the current and voltage and the communication bus to the outside world. Delta-sigma modulators with integrated isolation are very attractive. MOSFET / IGBT drivers that can handle higher voltages and include integrated sensing are also very attractive. The bias power supply uses a DC-DC converter to provide power to the electronic components on the inverter. Communication functions are sometimes included so that users can monitor the converter, report power and operating conditions, and provide firmware updates. Powerline communication (PLC) is often used to reduce wired or wireless (Bluetooth, ZigBee / IEEE802.15.4, 6loWPAN) networking options.

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