Chongqing local standard "Chongqing City Night Lighting Technical Specifications" DB50/T234-2006 is based on the original "Chongqing City Night Lighting Technical Specifications" (trial), summed up the experience of night lighting construction and operation management, and reference The night lighting standards for domestic and foreign cities were proposed by the Chongqing Municipal Administration Committee and compiled by the Chongqing Lighting Society and Chongqing University. The Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision officially approved the implementation of the implementation on January 1, 2007. At the same time, the original "Chongqing City Night Lighting Technical Specifications" (trial) CQSZ04-2002.
1 Background generated by urban landscape lighting technical specifications
The urban nightscape lighting in Chongqing started earlier, and it has been more than ten years. In the past few years, it was basically in the initial stage of disorderly development. Since the establishment of the municipality directly under the central government, especially after 2000, the leaders attached importance and the support of the masses gradually formed. Organized, led, planned, scaled, unified and coordinated development pattern, formed a unified management system, strengthened the leadership of administrative technology, took the lead in formulating administrative regulations and technical specifications, and was able to develop steadily. Achieving good results has made a significant leap from quantity to quality, and has had far-reaching effects at home and abroad. The vast number of lighting technology workers in Chongqing actively supported and participated enthusiastically, contributing their ingenuity and wisdom, and also played a very good role in promoting the development of urban landscape lighting technology. In short, Chongqing's urban night lighting work for more than ten years serves the social and economic development of Chongqing and serves the needs of the spiritual culture of Chongqing citizens. It has played an active role in promoting the sustainable development of economic construction and cultural construction.
In the process of urban landscape lighting development, it is necessary to adapt to the characteristics of urban landscape, meet the needs of social and economic development, implement the scientific development concept and the support of modern technology, and must have standardized management, unified technical standards and technical measures, and thus develop technical specifications. It is very necessary to promote scientific management. The results of the CQSZ04-2002 standard test of the Technical Specifications for Urban Night Lighting in Chongqing (Trial) also proved that the "technical specifications" have played a very good guiding and advancing role. Under the situation of continuous development of new technologies, continuous updating of new design concepts, and continuous improvement of the comprehensive needs of urban construction, with the aim of building a harmonious society, taking the scientific development concept as the guide and coordinating the development of social economy and culture, Chongqing in 2006 The city organized the power and reorganized the local standard "Chongqing City Night Lighting Technical Specifications" DB50/T234-2006, its content is more detailed and rich, the measures are more specific, the relationship is more coordinated, and the implementation is more operational, it is A higher level of night lighting technical specifications.
2 Main features of DB50/T234-2006 of Chongqing Urban Night Lighting Technical Specifications
The formulation and implementation of the new "Chongqing City Night Lighting Technical Specifications" DB50/T234-2006 will make the urban night lighting construction in Chongqing more scientific, standardized and standardized, and achieve the purpose of saving energy, reducing light pollution and ensuring safety and comfort. Achieve sustainable development of urban lighting.
"Chongqing City Night Lighting Technical Specifications" DB50/T234-2006 highlights the people-oriented view, embodying the scientific development concept of social, economic and environmental benefits, with the following characteristics:
(1) Further emphasizing the significance of energy saving in urban nightscapes in Chongqing, adding a special chapter on energy-saving content, becoming the eighth chapter of the new norm, proposing methods and specific measures for lighting energy conservation, and giving the city night illumination of Chongqing Evaluation indicators for energy conservation.
(2) In the new norm, the “people-oriented†construction guiding ideology was added, and Chapter 9—Lighting Safety was added. In this chapter, it is proposed that the urban night lighting in Chongqing must ensure personal safety and environmental safety, and stipulate anti-infringement lighting. And provisions for disaster prevention lighting to meet the requirements for personal safety.
(3) The specification also stipulates the prevention of light pollution, prevention of light interference, prevention of electromagnetic interference, protection of small animals and protection of plant growth in order to protect the ecological environment and achieve a safe light environment.
(4) The specification emphasizes the advanced design concepts, advanced lighting technology and advanced management methods in the planning, design and installation of urban night lighting in Chongqing, and promotes coordinated development and technological innovation.
The following is a summary of the main contents of the new specification.
3 Main contents of DB50/T234-2006 of Chongqing Urban Night Lighting Technical Specifications
3.1 About planning
Urban night lighting planning is part of urban or regional construction and development planning. Urban night lighting is the use of lighting to reshape the night image of a city based on the city's natural and human landscapes, in order to make the city's night illumination accurately reflect the city's political, economic, geographical, cultural, historical and humanistic artistic connotations. As well as the characteristics of the city, it is necessary to carry out night lighting construction under the guidance of the urban night lighting plan.
The image of the night light of each city should be positioned according to its own conditions. It must have different characteristics and characteristics. Do not compare and copy, and put an end to the "thousand city side", and can not be separated from reality, and engage in excessive and flashy lighting decoration. You can't copy the night scenes of Beijing's Tiananmen Square, Century Altar, Shanghai Bund, and Chongqing Nanbin Road, and you can't move Las Vegas to you. In short, the right one is the best.
The overall planning of urban night lighting is a comprehensive positioning and planning of the task, goal, characteristics, level, construction steps, management and maintenance, safety and energy saving, overall effect and policy measures of the night lighting construction of the city or region. Night lighting detailed planning is the nighttime scenic spots and scenic spots of the city built in the city or the region, as well as the city's iconic landscape, square and road landscape, commercial pedestrian street landscape, historical sites and garden landscapes, mountain and river water landscapes, and regions. Detailed planning for the specific implementation of landscape lighting such as landscapes.
The principle of Chongqing city night lighting planning should follow the principle of “Chongqing City Night Lighting Specification†DB50/T234-2006 Article 5.1.3:
(1) Pay attention to the overall effect of the city's night scene. To have a master and a time, there are bright and dark, clear, unified, harmonious and beautiful, highlighting the overall image of the city at night.
(2) It is necessary to grasp the characteristics of the city's image, highlight the characteristics of the city, emphasize the organic combination of lighting technology and art, improve the cultural taste, and build an urban light culture with regional features and characteristics of the times.
(3) Implement the spirit of green lighting, try to adopt the reasonable concept of reasonable lighting and night lighting design, follow the scientific lighting standards, advocate the use of energy-saving lighting products, and achieve the purpose of protecting the environment; prevent the generated spilled light or interference light from exceeding the standard Try to prevent the danger of light pollution.
(4) Must be "people-oriented", pay attention to safety, ensure the safety of lighting equipment itself, as well as personal and environmental safety, and highlight the artistic nature of night lighting, improve cultural taste, and achieve the purpose of harmony, elegance and comfort in the city's night scene.
(5) The planning of night lighting should be coordinated. According to the economic level, historical culture, climate geography and power supply of the city or region, considering the characteristics of the city, the distribution and connection of the main scenic spots and scenic spots, there is a reasonable reason for the city or region. The positioning makes the planning both feasible and forward-looking, and realizes the sustainable development of urban night lighting.
Urban night lighting planning should be characterized by clear objectives, appropriate positioning, and distinct levels, and each functional division has outstanding features, distinctive features, and reflects the relevant principles and policies.
The planning of urban night lighting includes natural and human landscapes and is closely related to the political, economic, cultural and technological level of the city or region. Urban night lighting planning should follow the principles of lighting science and enhance the cultural taste of the cityscape. The scientific, artistic and comfortable safety of night lighting should be emphasized. High-tech lighting technology should be combined with traditional technologies and means to emphasize people-oriented and create a safe and comfortable night lighting. Night lighting planning should develop its own landscape features. It should fully reflect the principles and policies of urban development master plan, energy conservation and environmental protection.
In the planning method, the open system of planning should be established and implemented, and the public participation in the evaluation and revision of the participation effect of urban night lighting planning should be mobilized to give play to the active role of experts and the masses. Establish a democratic decision-making system for night lighting planning, regulation, design and management to achieve transparency in the planning system. Adopt new urban planning concepts and methods to further improve research, forecasting, simulation and evaluation methods to achieve scientific planning methods.
The overall planning of urban night lighting should comprehensively study the nature of the city or region, the size of the city, the shape of urban space development, the location of the city, the natural landscape and the characteristics of the human landscape, and make overall arrangements for the artistic style and lighting technology level of the urban night lighting. The relationship between recent construction and long-term development provides macro guidance and construction outline for urban night lighting construction, management, maintenance and sustainable development. The planning period is in accordance with the relevant standards and norms. The long-term planning of urban night lighting is generally 5 to 10 years, the medium-term planning is 3 to 5 years, and the recent planning is 2 to 3 years.
The contents of the urban night lighting planning documents include: the current situation and analysis of existing problems in urban or regional night lighting, guiding principles and basic principles of planning, natural and human landscape features, planning positioning, overall concept and frame structure, night lighting Construction objectives, viewpoints, landscape points, landscape axes and planning of tourist routes, planning of key areas, nodes and key projects, investment, power supply and investment effects (benefit) analysis, organization, implementation steps and management mode of night lighting construction , policies and measures for the construction of night lighting.
The detailed planning is to determine the brightness level, color tone, floodlighting power density, and limit of light pollution on the basis of the overall plan and control plan refinement. Conceptual design of important scenic spots, scenic spots and important nodes is required.
3.2 About design
The success or failure of urban night lighting projects lies in planning, and the effect of night scenes lies in design.
From the master plan to the detailed plan (also divided into control plan and constructive plan) to the specific implementation of the lighting design, one should be deducted, the night lighting design must be connected with the urban night lighting plan, in line with the overall plan Claim.
The lighting design should be analyzed according to the visual conditions, function, architectural style and characteristics, structural characteristics, cultural connotation, surface material color and light reflection characteristics of the building (structure), and then determine the lighting design.
The main purpose of night lighting is to beautify the night environment. There should be overall ideas and design ideas to create a sense of overall harmony and novelty. The main features of the illuminated object should be highlighted in the lighting.
Different lighting methods will produce different lighting effects. The lighting method should conform to the characteristics of the object to be photographed, and select the lighting fixtures such as light sources and lamps to determine the installation position that meets the requirements of light.
Determining the lighting electrical control system that is compatible with the lighting object, controlling the light pollution and strictly controlling the interference light is the content that must be considered simultaneously in the design of the night lighting, and is an important evaluation standard for quality and safety. High-power floodlights and remote searchlights consume large amounts of light and cause serious light pollution. "Chongqing City Night Lighting Specifications" DB50/T234-2006 Article 6.1.7 provides restrictions on its use.
The design of night lighting should abandon the one-sided pursuit of a certain "special" effect, and some irrational effects, should use the key points, take into account the general principles, compare the main and secondary, light and dark points to contrast, highlight the theme, highlight the key, Determine the lighting method. We should fully consider the natural environment and human environment factors, and adhere to the principle of people-oriented, prevent adverse effects such as light pollution and visual pollution, especially for residential buildings should be strictly protected against light pollution; fully consider the combination of technology and art, tradition and modernity, to be creative The design creates a lighting environment with cultural heritage and artistic charm.
According to the large, medium and small cities of different scales, the illuminance or brightness level is determined according to the contrast relationship between background brightness and target brightness and the principle of energy conservation. The city scale is different, the background brightness of the building is different, and appropriately reducing the illuminance or brightness value does not affect the night scene effect. This standard is based on the standard values ​​of the central business districts of Yuzhong District, Jiangbei District and Nan'an District of Chongqing, and the rest of the urban and central districts and Other districts and counties (autonomous counties and county-level cities). The standard value can be reduced by 20% and 40% respectively based on the actual situation.
According to the different functional areas of the city, it is divided into four categories: central business district, general central district, general district, urban border or urban-rural integration. Recommended by this standard is the photo (light) value of the Jiefangbei Central Business District and the two rivers and four banks viewing viewpoints in the main city of Chongqing, the Jiangbei District business district, and the Nan'an District business district. The bustling area of ​​the city should have a higher brightness level, while the general central area (referring to the main street of the city except the central business district), the general area, the urban edge or the urban-rural junction is the illuminance (brightness) value of the central business area. %, 20%, 10%.
It is not appropriate to use a large area to increase the brightness of a building to make it stand out; this specification limits the value of 20% based on the highest light (brightness) value.
Lighting design The choice of all lighting equipment should be based on the environmental conditions, meet the requirements of use function and decorative effect, meet environmental conditions, and consider energy saving, reduce investment operating costs and safe operation, etc., focusing on its economy. Sex and use efficiency. The lighting fixtures used shall ensure good electrical performance and comply with electrical safety regulations.
Night lighting design should be based on research and analysis of various conditions. The basic principles of design can be summarized into the following 10 aspects:
(1) Functionality to meet the functional purpose and basic lighting needs in the environmental space;
(2) Decorative, fully integrated lighting facilities and the environment in which they are located, and can create nighttime landscape effects;
(3) Comfort, taking people's feelings as the starting point, accurately implementing the primary and secondary viewpoint positions of the lighting facilities to avoid light pollution and discomfort;
(4) Concealment, camouflage and conceal as much as possible of some lighting fixtures and electrical equipment, and try not to destroy the landscape when it is white (to "see the light without seeing the light");
(5) Safety precautions, lighting must ensure the safety requirements of people's open environment at night, and ensure the stability of the social environment;
(6) Safety protection, the design must strictly implement electrical professional regulations and specifications, and have perfect safety measures, especially in public places to avoid accidents that endanger personal safety;
(7) Energy-saving requirements, through the rational layout of lighting design, the rational use of lighting technology, the reasonable choice of lighting fixtures, and the reasonable arrangement of lighting control, to achieve the purpose of reducing energy consumption;
(8) Feasibility, propose correct construction measures, and facilitate routine maintenance and management;
(9) The impact on the ecological environment (such as trees, flowers, birds, fish, etc.) should be considered;
(10) Comprehensive analysis of efficiency, economic, social and environmental benefits.
For the different lighting scenes in Chongqing, the lighting methods applied to the objects (bridges, towers, monuments, sculptures, streets, roads, gardens, waterscapes, etc.), the handling methods and the attention problems, the specifications are Explain in detail.
The complete design should have a complete electrical system and circuit diagram; the design of the power distribution system mainly includes load calculation, protection and control methods of the power distribution system, and line laying. Follow the principles of simple and reliable design, complete protection, complete functions, flexible control, energy saving and easy maintenance.
The construction drawings mainly include the lighting effect diagram of the illuminated design, the layout of the lighting in the plane and the direction of each facade, the corresponding electrical construction drawing, the system drawing, and the large sample drawing of the pipeline laying and installation nodes. The selected lighting equipment shall be marked with the model, specification, quantity and necessary electrical and optical parameters. All equipment and materials shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standards.
3.3 About energy saving
The construction and development of urban night lighting is largely questioned and “non-considerationâ€, which are related to energy consumption. In some places, many completed night lighting projects, the design is unreasonable, the brightness is too high, and even the color light is abused. The quality indicators seriously deviate from the data specified by the standards or specifications. After the huge investment is completed, the operating expenses or power supply are required. The constraints, can not be used or rarely used, become the city's "decorations" (decoration), causing extremely bad influence among the masses.
Lighting energy conservation is one of the basic components of the country's implementation of energy-efficient buildings and energy-saving cities in recent years, and it is also the core of green lighting. In the new situation, urban night lighting energy conservation is of great significance and must be taken seriously.
Analyze and compare a variety of design schemes that meet the lighting plan, and select the optimal solution with advanced technology, economical rationality and energy conservation. In the Ministry of Construction [2004] No. 204 "Opinions on Strengthening Urban Lighting Management to Promote Energy Conservation Work", it is clearly stated: "Whether it is a road lighting facility construction project or a landscape lighting construction project design plan, it should be fully demonstrated. According to the lighting energy-saving design standards, it is preferred to use certified high-efficiency energy-saving products, and it is forbidden to use inefficient lighting products.†The Ministry of Construction [2005] No. 234 “Notice on Further Strengthening Urban Lighting Power Saving Work†clearly stipulates that “the city The lighting project design plan should organize expert argumentation, and save power, livability and environmental protection as the content of the argument."
This specification has energy-saving content in some provisions of the planning, design, equipment selection, power distribution system, and maintenance management chapters; this specification is also concentrated in Chapter 8, forming an independent special chapter, and adopts The illumination power density value (LPD) is used as a quantitative indicator of lighting energy conservation evaluation. In the indoor lighting specification "Architectural Lighting Design Standards" GB50034
- In 2004, the lighting power density value of public buildings was specified as a mandatory provision. In the urban night lighting design, it should also be strictly evaluated to promote the lighting energy saving.
The power density per unit area is the installation power standard per unit area of ​​the night illumination of the building facade. This standard specifies the lighting power limit (W/m2) of the building's illuminated location. The purpose is to control the total electricity consumption of the building's night lighting to save energy. The power density per unit area of ​​different light sources can be estimated according to the average illuminance of the illuminated surface and the correction coefficient of different light sources. The building facade lighting power density values ​​of this code are taken from the national standard "City Night Lighting Design Standards" (draft for comments). The building facade illumination specified in Table 5 of this specification uses a lighting power density value (LPD) that is 0.2 W/m2 greater than the 2.69 W/m2 specified in the US for a medium background medium reflectance (30% to 50%).
In the special article on lighting energy conservation, the regulations in the first article of this chapter prohibit the use of high-energy lighting equipment (light source and lighting), but urban night lighting energy saving is a comprehensive content, with many links close relationship. This chapter is based on the rational positioning of planning, the application of new concepts in planning; the appropriate design standards, the application of innovative concepts in lighting design; the advanced lighting technology, the selection and application of high-efficiency lighting products; advanced management methods (such as digital, Intelligent management) and scientific maintenance management measures, etc., have made relevant provisions on lighting energy conservation.
The specification follows design standards (including limiting light pollution and lighting power density values), correctly selecting lighting methods, selecting light sources that meet energy-saving requirements, lamps and accessories, adopting control methods that are conducive to energy conservation, and power supply and distribution systems that meet energy-saving requirements. As well as strengthening maintenance and management, maintaining an efficient and energy-saving operation mode, etc., the requirements for energy-saving measures were put forward.
3.4 About security
Urban night lighting is a kind of public environment lighting. Most lighting devices are set up in public activities. The probability of occurrence of safety problems is relatively high. Chongqing has always had wind blown down light boxes and billboards, and high-altitude metal brackets have been struck by lightning or serious It is rusted and collapsed, falling, high-altitude electric welding work, electrical equipment or line leakage, short circuit, heat, causing fire or electric shock and other safety problems. Public safety must be strictly observed to avoid personal injury and property damage, and to avoid major disasters. In addition to safety-related content in the chapters on lighting design, lighting equipment, lighting distribution, construction and installation, and acceptance and maintenance management, this specification also provides a special chapter on lighting safety (Chapter 9).
With the improvement and perfection of the social legal system, people's concept of the rule of law has been strengthened, the compensation for accidental injuries and the cost of handling security accidents have increased. It is even more serious to encounter major security incidents, in addition to economic losses. There are very bad social influences. Therefore, the safety of night lighting must be highly valued.
Night lighting should not cause illusion and light interference in the safe operation of light signals on various vehicles on the water, land and air; decorative lights with color change on both sides of the main road that allows high-speed traffic; night lighting on overpasses and overpasses It is forbidden to use dynamic lighting with fast-paced strobe; remote searchlights are strictly prohibited from interfering with aviation and boat safety.
Lighting safety is divided into two aspects: personal safety and environmental safety. The specifications respectively stipulate corresponding clauses. The factors that cause safety problems are natural environmental conditions, as well as human and equipment defects. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures from the causes of these security problems.
The specification makes corresponding provisions on the adaptation of natural factors and environmental conditions. For example, large-scale lighting installations must have the ability to withstand the harsh weather conditions such as wind, rain, snow, and haze, and the ability to resist atmospheric corrosion; high-altitude (independent or attached to buildings, large structures) night lighting equipment, There are lightning protection measures to prevent lightning strikes; night-time lighting devices and lines and brackets installed at high altitudes stipulate that they should be installed and fixed firmly to avoid the safety of high-altitude falling objects and high-altitude personnel.
From the factors of the night lighting fixtures and equipment in Chongqing, the regulations for ensuring safety have also been made. For example, the selection of lamps and lanterns stipulates the electrical performance, mechanical performance, shock resistance and protection level of the lamps used in night lighting in Chongqing, and should meet the technical parameters and requirements stipulated in GB 7000.1 of the General Standards for Lighting and General Safety of Lamps. It is required to have the 3C mark for safety certification; for public places, lighting fixtures that may be touched by personnel, the level of protection against electric shock is specified, and the equipment for personal electric shock hazard (metal parts of electrical equipment that may be touched by personnel) is regulated. It is necessary to have protection against electric shock (leakage protection).
In terms of personal safety, the focus is on light environmental issues involving safety. If there are a large number of crowded and easily populated public places, there must be basic visual conditions; anti-infringement lighting, emergency evacuation lighting, evacuation and safety warning signs. And prohibiting high-intensity beams, lasers, etc. from illuminating the crowd, causing harm to the human eye or causing crowd riots.
In terms of environmental safety, the focus is on limiting light pollution, especially in residential buildings and medical buildings. The illuminance of relevant parts, the luminous intensity of the light source seen, and the upward luminous ratio of the lamps are quantified. From the national standard "City Night Lighting Design Standards" (draft for comments).
In addition to the impact and harm to the human environment, the standard also suggests that Chongqing night lighting equipment should pay attention to electromagnetic interference and other issues.
One thing to note: When I was preparing the specification, the content of the security aspect was considered to be wide, and the problems that could be expected were written into the specification. However, some preventive measures have not yet been fully in place, such as regulating electrical lighting devices and circuits to prevent electrical fires caused by short-circuits and overload heats, and only specifying heat-insulating and heat-dissipating measures for lighting equipment that respond to higher surface temperatures; However, for the electrical installations and lines for the night illumination of urban areas in Chongqing, due to the poor installation and installation conditions, failures are not easy to find, but no requirements for early warning measures are proposed. In this case, if the electrical fire monitoring (fire leakage alarm) device is installed in the power distribution system, it is simple and easy to implement, and the cost is small. It is possible to find and take timely measures to prevent the fire accident, especially the installation on the high-rise building. The night lighting device, the power supply is taken from the distribution system of the high-rise building, the newly revised "Fire Protection Code for High-rise Civil Buildings" (2005 edition) and the "Code for Fire Protection of Building Design" issued after the finalization of this specification are added. This is the requirement. In addition to the inclusion of the update in the next revision of the specification, it can also be considered for use in the design of night lighting in Chongqing.
3.5 About eco-environment
The impact of urban night lighting on the ecological environment, there are not many research materials that can be learned at present. The standard can not draw more specific content in this respect, but it is very necessary to pay attention to the protection of the ecological environment. Because urban night lighting is a human behavior that expands the natural activity space, prolongs the nighttime activity, and changes the natural lighting environment, we should try our best to live in harmony with nature. Unsuitable human illumination will change the "biological clock" of animals and plants and will have an impact on the ecological environment. In Chongqing, due to the poor color of the lighting, the trees caused the withered leaves, and the spotlights on the lawn or flower beds caused the surrounding flower vegetation to dry up and die. The bird's nest in the tree and the fish in the pool may be disturbed and harmed by the illumination of the night scene. The tree species that are sensitive to certain light are proposed by the standard, and should not be irradiated for a long time and large luminous flux (especially during the growing season).
Some insects have phototaxis, especially those with more wavelengths around 380 nm and high-intensity night illumination, which will attract insects and birds to death. For example, the neon lights in the Frankfurt playground will kill tens of thousands of people every night. Only beneficial insects; one of the reasons for the large number of mosquitoes in summer nights in Dusen, USA is related to the thousands of neon lights that have killed and killed many beneficial insects and beneficial birds. In order to protect the ecological balance of the region, the specification initially proposed some issues that should be paid attention to in the night lighting project in Chongqing.
The equipment and materials used in the urban night lighting installations in Chongqing (including some packaging materials), some containing phosphors, some containing mercury, rare elements, heavy metals, and even trace amounts of radioactive materials and non-degradable polymer products, to protect the ecology The environment, the specification also prohibits the discarding of the replacement and discarded light sources, lamps and other materials, and the necessary reminders should be made for the recovery and special treatment.
3.6 About project cost
The specification only involves the project cost problem in the content of the program comparison and construction drawing design. Technology and economy are inseparable. It is foreseeable that after the implementation of this code, it will inevitably have an impact on the investment cost of future night lighting projects. Emphasizing quality and emphasizing safety, it is possible to increase some investment; but emphasizing rational planning and rational selection of design standards, optimizing design plans, and adopting scientific management methods may reduce cost, investment and operating costs.
Lighting energy saving is a typical technology that affects the economy. Promoting green lighting and comprehensively implementing lighting energy-saving measures will often increase some engineering costs. There is often a saying that “power saving (energy saving) does not save moneyâ€; however, from the perspective of development, From a global point of view, as long as it is a mature technology, it should be resolutely promoted and applied. Products that violate the environment and have potential safety hazards should not be used even if they are cheap. Economic, social and environmental benefits must be balanced.
Everyone knows the phrase "preventing it in the first place". From the perspective of the loss, impact and harm of some accidents, it is worthwhile to pay attention to it in advance and make more investment to reduce unnecessary huge losses. For example, the structure of the high-lighting equipment, in terms of lightning protection grounding, wind-tightening, anti-corrosion and rust prevention, electrical insulation protection, electric shock prevention, electrical fire prevention, etc., although the initial investment is slightly larger, but compared to the collapse accident Losses or compensation caused by accidents, fire accidents, etc., are still much smaller. In particular, places that may involve mass incidents, such as the painful lessons of the Beijing Lantern Festival in previous years, to prevent the occurrence of malignant group accidents, can not be taken lightly, such as several civil entertainment and leisure squares in Chongqing, Chaotianmen, Nanbin Road and In the case of a tree viewing garden, in the event of a sudden and serious incident, if there is no emergency lighting system and evacuation signs, the consequences will be unimaginable. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the safety emergency evacuation system and set up a safety lighting device that quickly guides evacuation.
In addition, in terms of lighting distribution, production and installation, etc., in response to some conventional practices and short-term behaviors that are not standardized, weak, and unsafe in the past, the specifications have put forward stricter requirements, and strive to improve the installation quality and extend the service life. For example, in most places with poor installation conditions, according to the relevant electrical construction specifications, it is forbidden to use PVC pipe to install the wire and use galvanized steel pipe to strengthen the protection. Although this adds some initial installation costs, it can prevent theft and prevent damage. It can greatly extend the safe running time and save a lot of maintenance costs. Some night lighting fixtures in Chongqing, especially the key lighting of important buildings and structures, are incomplete and short of operation, and they are paralyzed in a short period of time, and the level of equipment is not high. If the grade of the product materials to be used in the previous period is improved, the installation and installation will be durable, and the service life will be long. It will be replaced in one or two years, overhauled in three or five months, and repeated construction will be repeated. a lot of.
The "Chongqing City Night Lighting Technology Fan" has increased a lot of space and more comprehensive content than the 2002 trial version of the specification. The above is only a general introduction to the prominent features and more important content. The details of the specific design calculation methods, technical standards and parameters determination, power distribution system design, construction and installation, and acceptance, maintenance and management are omitted. In short, through the implementation of this code, I believe that the future urban night lighting work in Chongqing will promote a healthy development and will play a very good role. It is hoped that through the implementation of this code, the city's night lighting will be upgraded to a higher level and continue to develop and progress toward a higher level.
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