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First, the layout and arrangement of the speakers installed <br> entire PA system is also very important, the arrangement is good or bad, is directly related to the sound quality of the entire system.
1. Arrangement of loudspeakers The layout of loudspeakers generally follows the following principles:
1) Make the sound field of the hall even;
2) The viewing direction is the same, and the sound is natural and natural;
3) It is advantageous to overcome feedback and improve sound transmission gain;
4) The line is simple, easy to repair, and adjust the coverage angle;
5) The sound emitted by the speaker is delayed by 5~30ms than the natural sound source;
6) Cover all auditoriums according to the speaker coverage angle (4 kHz, 8 kHz drop from 8 kHz).
2, the speaker layout
The speaker layout should be determined according to factors such as building function, body shape, space height and auditorium setting. It is generally divided into: distributed arrangement, centralized arrangement, and mixed arrangement.
1) In the following cases, the speaker (or speaker system) should be arranged in a centralized manner;
(1) setting up the stage and requiring the same audiovisual effect;
(2) It is not suitable for the layout and construction restrictions.
When concentrated, the direct sound of the audience area can be made more uniform and the acoustic feedback can be minimized.
Centralized systems are centrally installed with a single speaker or a group of speakers .
For example, there is a stage-shaped hall, and the speaker system is close to the natural sound source, usually placed above the table or on both sides of the frame. The advantage of this arrangement is that the sound comes from the direction of the stage, and the sense of direction from the viewing is the same, and the hearing is more natural. The disadvantage is that complex shape (e.g., a gazebo too deep) or large halls, the sound field is not easy even, and even sound level of the rear seat may be low, Moreover, due to localized speakers arranged close to the microphone stage, prone to feedback whistle.
It should be noted in engineering design that a single-directional speaker or sound column should be selected, which is advantageous for overcoming acoustic feedback. When the speaker is arranged above the table, it is better to overcome the effect of the acoustic feedback than to arrange it on both sides of the table. For the higher space height, the obvious problem is that the front row of listeners will feel the sound coming from the top of the head. In order to overcome this defect, an auxiliary speaker can be added to the mouth (the power of the speaker should be allocated less). The sound field in the front row is even, causing the sound to move down. When the speakers are arranged on both sides of the table, the problem of acoustic feedback is more prominent. Because the speakers and the sound column are relatively poor in directivity in the horizontal direction, simply hang two speakers of the same power on both sides of the table, to the hall. The central seat audience will have double source interference, and the audience is very uncomfortable. The solution to the problem is to hang the speaker as high as possible and increase the auxiliary speaker as appropriate. Others are halls with audiences on all sides, such as gymnasiums, and speakers are arranged in the center of the competition hall. Place the microphone's performance area and pay attention to controlling the directivity of the speaker . Due to the complexity and variety of the halls, the centralized system can be assembled with many speakers and arranged in curves of different shapes.
2) Distributed speakers (or speaker systems) should be distributed in the following cases:
(1) The height of the hall in the building is high, the longitudinal distance is long or the hall may be divided into several parts, which should not be concentrated;
(2) The reverberation time in the hall is long and it is not suitable to concentrate.
When dispersing the arrangement, the power of the first row of speakers near the podium should be controlled to minimize the acoustic feedback. The double-sound phenomenon should be prevented in the audience area. If necessary, appropriate relative time delay measures can be taken in different paths.
The speaker set is often mounted on or around the ceiling. High noise level and timing is not played with a lounge, the speaker system may be used to set the distribution, uniform distribution is generally used in the speaker system of the stadium rings.
3) Mixed speaker (or speaker system) should be mixed in the following situations:
(1) In the theater where the platform is too deep or has a seat, it is advisable to arrange an auxiliary speaker system in the shaded part;
(2) For large or long-distance building halls, in addition to centrally setting up the speaker system, it is advisable to distribute the auxiliary speaker system;
(3) There are audience viewing halls in all directions.
For (1) and (2), the problem of controlling the sound path difference and limiting the sound level should be solved. When necessary, delay measures should be added to avoid double sound phenomenon.
For large or long halls, speakers are often arranged in a hybrid arrangement, with each group of speakers serving an area. The advantage is that the distance from the speaker to the listener is greatly shortened, which can increase the direct sound energy and the sound pressure level of the audience. The required power is smaller than that of the centralized arrangement, but it should be noted that: at different delays In the case, the distance between the two groups of speakers adjacent to each other is preferably 10~12m, and the maximum should not exceed 15m, otherwise the listener in the back seat can easily hear the double sound. A group of speakers near the front of the stage should have a smaller sound range, which is good for overcoming acoustic feedback.
3. The application of the sound column uses the sound column to play the sound in the venue. The sound in the whole venue is relatively uniform and clear. Hanging a column slightly obliquely at a certain height can make the sound before and after the venue uniform, thus overcoming the sound is always near. The disadvantage of being strong and weak is that the sound around the venue is basically uniform because of the large horizontal radiation angle between the sounds. If the hall is long and only uses one sound column, you should make the sound column longer, make it more directional, and also hang as high as possible, so that you can improve the phenomenon of strong front and then weak, and The directionality of the sound column also reduces the reverberation interference, so that the direct sound heard by the listener is increased relative to the reverberation of the hall, thereby improving the clarity of the sound, and the sound reproduction of the sound column also reduces the sound feedback; In the direction of the column, the lightest sound is pronounced along the upper and lower directions of the two ends of the sound, which is the dead angle of the pronunciation. If the bottom of the high-hanging sound column is facing the microphone, the sound fed back to the microphone is greatly weakened, the feedback is reduced, and the output of the amplifier can be made larger, making full use of the effect of the sound reinforcement.
The arrangement of the sound column should be determined according to the specific conditions of the hall. When using it, refer to the empirical data given in the table below. When arranging, the arrangement and direction of the sound column must be carefully debugged to obtain satisfactory results.
![]()
4, the hall layout example
1) Speaker position when filming a movie When the width, length, and height of the hall are in accordance with the standard, tilt the speaker so that the extension of the sound axis touches the rear half of the middle row of seats in the hall (about 2 in length) /3), can get good results. In addition, the relative positions of the speakers on both sides should be deflected such that their acoustic axes intersect at the midline of the auditorium.
2) In the sports field, the sound reinforcement system is often used to report the situation of the game to the audience on the stands. Due to the size and shape of the audience area, it is impossible to obtain a satisfactory sound level with a sound column. The range that should be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to install appropriate speakers around the playing field, and maintain proper distance between the speakers to obtain uniform loudness in the horizontal plane.
When considering the sound level required for a sound reinforcement device, it should be determined by the most crowded noise level. Although sometimes enough sound power is used to submerge the noise level on the playing field, in a very noisy situation, the power should be able to produce a sound level of 80 dB. The main problem is to select a sound amplifying device that satisfies the consideration. The required distance and the required sound level within the area.
In recent years, sports fields have also used centralized systems. For example, a stadium with a crew of 60,000 uses a centralized speaker set to achieve a 110dB sound pressure level. The speaker set includes 16 multi-gear speakers and four woofer- equipped low-frequency speakers . The crossover frequency is selected at 350Hz.
The layout of the entire sound reinforcement system is also very important, and the quality of the layout is directly related to the sound quality of the entire system.
1. Arrangement of loudspeakers The layout of loudspeakers generally follows the following principles:
1) Make the sound field of the hall even;
2) The viewing direction is the same, and the sound is natural and natural;
3) It is advantageous to overcome feedback and improve sound transmission gain;
4) The line is simple, easy to repair, and adjust the coverage angle;
5) The sound emitted by the speaker is delayed by 5~30ms than the natural sound source;
6) Cover all auditoriums according to the speaker coverage angle (4 kHz, 8 kHz drop from 8 kHz).
2, the speaker layout
The speaker layout should be determined according to factors such as building function, body shape, space height and auditorium setting. It is generally divided into: distributed arrangement, centralized arrangement, and mixed arrangement.
1) In the following cases, the speaker (or speaker system) should be arranged in a centralized manner;
(1) setting up the stage and requiring the same audiovisual effect;
(2) It is not suitable for the layout and construction restrictions.
When concentrated, the direct sound of the audience area can be made more uniform and the acoustic feedback can be minimized.
Centralized systems are centrally installed with a single speaker or a group of speakers .
For example, there is a stage-shaped hall, and the speaker system is close to the natural sound source, usually placed above the table or on both sides of the frame. The advantage of this arrangement is that the sound comes from the direction of the stage, and the sense of direction from the viewing is the same, and the hearing is more natural. The disadvantage is that complex shape (e.g., a gazebo too deep) or large halls, the sound field is not easy even, and even sound level of the rear seat may be low, Moreover, due to localized speakers arranged close to the microphone stage, prone to feedback whistle.
It should be noted in engineering design that a single-directional speaker or sound column should be selected, which is advantageous for overcoming acoustic feedback. When the speaker is arranged above the table, it is better to overcome the effect of the acoustic feedback than to arrange it on both sides of the table. For the higher space height, the obvious problem is that the front row of listeners will feel the sound coming from the top of the head. In order to overcome this defect, an auxiliary speaker can be added to the mouth (the power of the speaker should be allocated less). The sound field in the front row is even, causing the sound to move down. When the speakers are arranged on both sides of the table, the problem of acoustic feedback is more prominent. Because the speakers and the sound column are relatively poor in directivity in the horizontal direction, simply hang two speakers of the same power on both sides of the table, to the hall. The central seat audience will have double source interference, and the audience is very uncomfortable. The solution to the problem is to hang the speaker as high as possible and increase the auxiliary speaker as appropriate. Others are halls with audiences on all sides, such as gymnasiums, and speakers are arranged in the center of the competition hall. Place the microphone's performance area and pay attention to controlling the directivity of the speaker . Due to the complexity and variety of the halls, the centralized system can be assembled with many speakers and arranged in curves of different shapes.
2) Distributed speakers (or speaker systems) should be distributed in the following cases:
(1) The height of the hall in the building is high, the longitudinal distance is long or the hall may be divided into several parts, which should not be concentrated;
(2) The reverberation time in the hall is long and it is not suitable to concentrate.
When dispersing the arrangement, the power of the first row of speakers near the podium should be controlled to minimize the acoustic feedback. The double-sound phenomenon should be prevented in the audience area. If necessary, appropriate relative time delay measures can be taken in different paths.
The speaker set is often mounted on or around the ceiling. High noise level and timing is not played with a lounge, the speaker system may be used to set the distribution, uniform distribution is generally used in the speaker system of the stadium rings.
3) Mixed speaker (or speaker system) should be mixed in the following situations:
(1) In the theater where the platform is too deep or has a seat, it is advisable to arrange an auxiliary speaker system in the shaded part;
(2) For large or long-distance building halls, in addition to centrally setting up the speaker system, it is advisable to distribute the auxiliary speaker system;
(3) There are audience viewing halls in all directions.
For (1) and (2), the problem of controlling the sound path difference and limiting the sound level should be solved. When necessary, delay measures should be added to avoid double sound phenomenon.
For large or long halls, speakers are often arranged in a hybrid arrangement, with each group of speakers serving an area. The advantage is that the distance from the speaker to the listener is greatly shortened, which can increase the direct sound energy and the sound pressure level of the audience. The required power is smaller than that of the centralized arrangement, but it should be noted that: at different delays In the case, the distance between the two groups of speakers adjacent to each other is preferably 10~12m, and the maximum should not exceed 15m, otherwise the listener in the back seat can easily hear the double sound. A group of speakers near the front of the stage should have a smaller sound range, which is good for overcoming acoustic feedback.
3. The application of the sound column uses the sound column to play the sound in the venue. The sound in the whole venue is relatively uniform and clear. Hanging a column slightly obliquely at a certain height can make the sound before and after the venue uniform, thus overcoming the sound is always near. The disadvantage of being strong and weak is that the sound around the venue is basically uniform because of the large horizontal radiation angle between the sounds. If the hall is long and only uses one sound column, you should make the sound column longer, make it more directional, and also hang as high as possible, so that you can improve the phenomenon of strong front and then weak, and The directionality of the sound column also reduces the reverberation interference, so that the direct sound heard by the listener is increased relative to the reverberation of the hall, thereby improving the clarity of the sound, and the sound reproduction of the sound column also reduces the sound feedback; In the direction of the column, the lightest sound is pronounced along the upper and lower directions of the two ends of the sound, which is the dead angle of the pronunciation. If the bottom of the high-hanging sound column is facing the microphone, the sound fed back to the microphone is greatly weakened, the feedback is reduced, and the output of the amplifier can be made larger, making full use of the effect of the sound reinforcement.
The arrangement of the sound column should be determined according to the specific conditions of the hall. When using it, refer to the empirical data given in the table below. When arranging, the arrangement and direction of the sound column must be carefully debugged to obtain satisfactory results.
![]()
4, the hall layout example
1) Speaker position when filming a movie When the width, length, and height of the hall are in accordance with the standard, tilt the speaker so that the extension of the sound axis touches the rear half of the middle row of seats in the hall (about 2 in length) /3), can get good results. In addition, the relative positions of the speakers on both sides should be deflected such that their acoustic axes intersect at the midline of the auditorium.
2) In the sports field, the sound reinforcement system is often used to report the situation of the game to the audience on the stands. Due to the size and shape of the audience area, it is impossible to obtain a satisfactory sound level with a sound column. The range that should be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to install appropriate speakers around the playing field, and maintain proper distance between the speakers to obtain uniform loudness in the horizontal plane.
When considering the sound level required for a sound reinforcement device, it should be determined by the most crowded noise level. Although sometimes enough sound power is used to submerge the noise level on the playing field, in a very noisy situation, the power should be able to produce a sound level of 80 dB. The main problem is to select a sound amplifying device that satisfies the consideration. The required distance and the required sound level within the area.
In recent years, sports fields have also used centralized systems. For example, a stadium with a crew of 60,000 uses a centralized speaker set to achieve a 110dB sound pressure level. The speaker set includes 16 multi-gear speakers and four woofer- equipped low-frequency speakers . The crossover frequency is selected at 350Hz.
The layout of the entire sound reinforcement system is also very important, and the quality of the layout is directly related to the sound quality of the entire system.
1. Arrangement of loudspeakers The layout of loudspeakers generally follows the following principles:
1) Make the sound field of the hall even;
2) The viewing direction is the same, and the sound is natural and natural;
3) It is advantageous to overcome feedback and improve sound transmission gain;
4) The line is simple, easy to repair, and adjust the coverage angle;
5) The sound emitted by the speaker is delayed by 5~30ms than the natural sound source;
6) Cover all auditoriums according to the speaker coverage angle (4 kHz, 8 kHz drop from 8 kHz).
2, the speaker layout
The speaker layout should be determined according to factors such as building function, body shape, space height and auditorium setting. It is generally divided into: distributed arrangement, centralized arrangement, and mixed arrangement.
1) In the following cases, the speaker (or speaker system) should be arranged in a centralized manner;
(1) setting up the stage and requiring the same audiovisual effect;
(2) It is not suitable for the layout and construction restrictions.
When concentrated, the direct sound of the audience area can be made more uniform and the acoustic feedback can be minimized.
Centralized systems are centrally installed with a single speaker or a group of speakers .
For example, there is a stage-shaped hall, and the speaker system is close to the natural sound source, usually placed above the table or on both sides of the frame. The advantage of this arrangement is that the sound comes from the direction of the stage, and the sense of direction from the viewing is the same, and the hearing is more natural. The disadvantage is that complex shape (e.g., a gazebo too deep) or large halls, the sound field is not easy even, and even sound level of the rear seat may be low, Moreover, due to localized speakers arranged close to the microphone stage, prone to feedback whistle.
It should be noted in engineering design that a single-directional speaker or sound column should be selected, which is advantageous for overcoming acoustic feedback. When the speaker is arranged above the table, it is better to overcome the effect of the acoustic feedback than to arrange it on both sides of the table. For the higher space height, the obvious problem is that the front row of listeners will feel the sound coming from the top of the head. In order to overcome this defect, an auxiliary speaker can be added to the mouth (the power of the speaker should be allocated less). The sound field in the front row is even, causing the sound to move down. When the speakers are arranged on both sides of the table, the problem of acoustic feedback is more prominent. Because the speakers and the sound column are relatively poor in directivity in the horizontal direction, simply hang two speakers of the same power on both sides of the table, to the hall. The central seat audience will have double source interference, and the audience is very uncomfortable. The solution to the problem is to hang the speaker as high as possible and increase the auxiliary speaker as appropriate. Others are halls with audiences on all sides, such as gymnasiums, and speakers are arranged in the center of the competition hall. Place the microphone's performance area and pay attention to controlling the directivity of the speaker . Due to the complexity and variety of the halls, the centralized system can be assembled with many speakers and arranged in curves of different shapes.
2) Distributed speakers (or speaker systems) should be distributed in the following cases:
(1) The height of the hall in the building is high, the longitudinal distance is long or the hall may be divided into several parts, which should not be concentrated;
(2) The reverberation time in the hall is long and it is not suitable to concentrate.
When dispersing the arrangement, the power of the first row of speakers near the podium should be controlled to minimize the acoustic feedback. The double-sound phenomenon should be prevented in the audience area. If necessary, appropriate relative time delay measures can be taken in different paths.
The speaker set is often mounted on or around the ceiling. High noise level and timing is not played with a lounge, the speaker system may be used to set the distribution, uniform distribution is generally used in the speaker system of the stadium rings.
3) Mixed speaker (or speaker system) should be mixed in the following situations:
(1) In the theater where the platform is too deep or has a seat, it is advisable to arrange an auxiliary speaker system in the shaded part;
(2) For large or long-distance building halls, in addition to centrally setting up the speaker system, it is advisable to distribute the auxiliary speaker system;
(3) There are audience viewing halls in all directions.
For (1) and (2), the problem of controlling the sound path difference and limiting the sound level should be solved. When necessary, delay measures should be added to avoid double sound phenomenon.
For large or long halls, speakers are often arranged in a hybrid arrangement, with each group of speakers serving an area. The advantage is that the distance from the speaker to the listener is greatly shortened, which can increase the direct sound energy and the sound pressure level of the audience. The required power is smaller than that of the centralized arrangement, but it should be noted that: at different delays In the case, the distance between the two groups of speakers adjacent to each other is preferably 10~12m, and the maximum should not exceed 15m, otherwise the listener in the back seat can easily hear the double sound. A group of speakers near the front of the stage should have a smaller sound range, which is good for overcoming acoustic feedback.
3. The application of the sound column uses the sound column to play the sound in the venue. The sound in the whole venue is relatively uniform and clear. Hanging a column slightly obliquely at a certain height can make the sound before and after the venue uniform, thus overcoming the sound is always near. The disadvantage of being strong and weak is that the sound around the venue is basically uniform because of the large horizontal radiation angle between the sounds. If the hall is long and only uses one sound column, you should make the sound column longer, make it more directional, and also hang as high as possible, so that you can improve the phenomenon of strong front and then weak, and The directionality of the sound column also reduces the reverberation interference, so that the direct sound heard by the listener is increased relative to the reverberation of the hall, thereby improving the clarity of the sound, and the sound reproduction of the sound column also reduces the sound feedback; In the direction of the column, the lightest sound is pronounced along the upper and lower directions of the two ends of the sound, which is the dead angle of the pronunciation. If the bottom of the high-hanging sound column is facing the microphone, the sound fed back to the microphone is greatly weakened, the feedback is reduced, and the output of the amplifier can be made larger, making full use of the effect of the sound reinforcement.
The arrangement of the sound column should be determined according to the specific conditions of the hall. When using it, refer to the empirical data given in the table below. When arranging, the arrangement and direction of the sound column must be carefully debugged to obtain satisfactory results.
![]()
4, the hall layout example
1) Speaker position when filming a movie When the width, length, and height of the hall are in accordance with the standard, tilt the speaker so that the extension of the sound axis touches the rear half of the middle row of seats in the hall (about 2 in length) /3), can get good results. In addition, the relative positions of the speakers on both sides should be deflected such that their acoustic axes intersect at the midline of the auditorium.
2) In the sports field, the sound reinforcement system is often used to report the situation of the game to the audience on the stands. Due to the size and shape of the audience area, it is impossible to obtain a satisfactory sound level with a sound column. The range that should be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to install appropriate speakers around the playing field, and maintain proper distance between the speakers to obtain uniform loudness in the horizontal plane.
When considering the sound level required for a sound reinforcement device, it should be determined by the most crowded noise level. Although sometimes enough sound power is used to submerge the noise level on the playing field, in a very noisy situation, the power should be able to produce a sound level of 80 dB. The main problem is to select a sound amplifying device that satisfies the consideration. The required distance and the required sound level within the area.
In recent years, sports fields have also used centralized systems. For example, a stadium with a crew of 60,000 uses a centralized speaker set to achieve a 110dB sound pressure level. The speaker set includes 16 multi-gear speakers and four woofer- equipped low-frequency speakers . The crossover frequency is selected at 350Hz.
First, the layout and arrangement of the speakers installed <br> entire PA system is also very important, the arrangement is good or bad, is directly related to the sound quality of the entire system.
1. Arrangement of loudspeakers The layout of loudspeakers generally follows the following principles:
1) Make the sound field of the hall even;
2) The viewing direction is the same, and the sound is natural and natural;
3) It is advantageous to overcome feedback and improve sound transmission gain;
4) The line is simple, easy to repair, and adjust the coverage angle;
5) The sound emitted by the speaker is delayed by 5~30ms than the natural sound source;
6) Cover all auditoriums according to the speaker coverage angle (4 kHz, 8 kHz drop from 8 kHz).
2, the speaker layout
The speaker layout should be determined according to factors such as building function, body shape, space height and auditorium setting. It is generally divided into: distributed arrangement, centralized arrangement, and mixed arrangement.
1) In the following cases, the speaker (or speaker system) should be arranged in a centralized manner;
(1) setting up the stage and requiring the same audiovisual effect;
(2) It is not suitable for the layout and construction restrictions.
When concentrated, the direct sound of the audience area can be made more uniform and the acoustic feedback can be minimized.
Centralized systems are centrally installed with a single speaker or a group of speakers .
For example, there is a stage-shaped hall, and the speaker system is close to the natural sound source, usually placed above the table or on both sides of the frame. The advantage of this arrangement is that the sound comes from the direction of the stage, and the sense of direction from the viewing is the same, and the hearing is more natural. The disadvantage is that complex shape (e.g., a gazebo too deep) or large halls, the sound field is not easy even, and even sound level of the rear seat may be low, Moreover, due to localized speakers arranged close to the microphone stage, prone to feedback whistle.
It should be noted in engineering design that a single-directional speaker or sound column should be selected, which is advantageous for overcoming acoustic feedback. When the speaker is arranged above the table, it is better to overcome the effect of the acoustic feedback than to arrange it on both sides of the table. For the higher space height, the obvious problem is that the front row of listeners will feel the sound coming from the top of the head. In order to overcome this defect, an auxiliary speaker can be added to the mouth (the power of the speaker should be allocated less). The sound field in the front row is even, causing the sound to move down. When the speakers are arranged on both sides of the table, the problem of acoustic feedback is more prominent. Because the speakers and the sound column are relatively poor in directivity in the horizontal direction, simply hang two speakers of the same power on both sides of the table, to the hall. The central seat audience will have double source interference, and the audience is very uncomfortable. The solution to the problem is to hang the speaker as high as possible and increase the auxiliary speaker as appropriate. Others are halls with audiences on all sides, such as gymnasiums, and speakers are arranged in the center of the competition hall. Place the microphone's performance area and pay attention to controlling the directivity of the speaker . Due to the complexity and variety of the halls, the centralized system can be assembled with many speakers and arranged in curves of different shapes.
2) Distributed speakers (or speaker systems) should be distributed in the following cases:
(1) The height of the hall in the building is high, the longitudinal distance is long or the hall may be divided into several parts, which should not be concentrated;
(2) The reverberation time in the hall is long and it is not suitable to concentrate.
When dispersing the arrangement, the power of the first row of speakers near the podium should be controlled to minimize the acoustic feedback. The double-sound phenomenon should be prevented in the audience area. If necessary, appropriate relative time delay measures can be taken in different paths.
The speaker set is often mounted on or around the ceiling. High noise level and timing is not played with a lounge, the speaker system may be used to set the distribution, uniform distribution is generally used in the speaker system of the stadium rings.
3) Mixed speaker (or speaker system) should be mixed in the following situations:
(1) In the theater where the platform is too deep or has a seat, it is advisable to arrange an auxiliary speaker system in the shaded part;
(2) For large or long-distance building halls, in addition to centrally setting up the speaker system, it is advisable to distribute the auxiliary speaker system;
(3) There are audience viewing halls in all directions.
For (1) and (2), the problem of controlling the sound path difference and limiting the sound level should be solved. When necessary, delay measures should be added to avoid double sound phenomenon.
For large or long halls, speakers are often arranged in a hybrid arrangement, with each group of speakers serving an area. The advantage is that the distance from the speaker to the listener is greatly shortened, which can increase the direct sound energy and the sound pressure level of the audience. The required power is smaller than that of the centralized arrangement, but it should be noted that: at different delays In the case, the distance between the two groups of speakers adjacent to each other is preferably 10~12m, and the maximum should not exceed 15m, otherwise the listener in the back seat can easily hear the double sound. A group of speakers near the front of the stage should have a smaller sound range, which is good for overcoming acoustic feedback.
3. The application of the sound column uses the sound column to play the sound in the venue. The sound in the whole venue is relatively uniform and clear. Hanging a column slightly obliquely at a certain height can make the sound before and after the venue uniform, thus overcoming the sound is always near. The disadvantage of being strong and weak is that the sound around the venue is basically uniform because of the large horizontal radiation angle between the sounds. If the hall is long and only uses one sound column, you should make the sound column longer, make it more directional, and also hang as high as possible, so that you can improve the phenomenon of strong front and then weak, and The directionality of the sound column also reduces the reverberation interference, so that the direct sound heard by the listener is increased relative to the reverberation of the hall, thereby improving the clarity of the sound, and the sound reproduction of the sound column also reduces the sound feedback; In the direction of the column, the lightest sound is pronounced along the upper and lower directions of the two ends of the sound, which is the dead angle of the pronunciation. If the bottom of the high-hanging sound column is facing the microphone, the sound fed back to the microphone is greatly weakened, the feedback is reduced, and the output of the amplifier can be made larger, making full use of the effect of the sound reinforcement.
The arrangement of the sound column should be determined according to the specific conditions of the hall. When using it, refer to the empirical data given in the table below. When arranging, the arrangement and direction of the sound column must be carefully debugged to obtain satisfactory results.
4, the hall layout example
1) Speaker position when filming a movie When the width, length, and height of the hall are in accordance with the standard, tilt the speaker so that the extension of the sound axis touches the rear half of the middle row of seats in the hall (about 2 in length) /3), can get good results. In addition, the relative positions of the speakers on both sides should be deflected such that their acoustic axes intersect at the midline of the auditorium.
2) In the sports field, the sound reinforcement system is often used to report the situation of the game to the audience on the stands. Due to the size and shape of the audience area, it is impossible to obtain a satisfactory sound level with a sound column. The range that should be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to install appropriate speakers around the playing field, and maintain proper distance between the speakers to obtain uniform loudness in the horizontal plane.
When considering the sound level required for a sound reinforcement device, it should be determined by the most crowded noise level. Although sometimes enough sound power is used to submerge the noise level on the playing field, in a very noisy situation, the power should be able to produce a sound level of 80 dB. The main problem is to select a sound amplifying device that satisfies the consideration. The required distance and the required sound level within the area.
In recent years, sports fields have also used centralized systems. For example, a stadium with a crew of 60,000 uses a centralized speaker set to achieve a 110dB sound pressure level. The speaker set includes 16 multi-gear speakers and four woofer- equipped low-frequency speakers . The crossover frequency is selected at 350Hz.
The layout of the entire sound reinforcement system is also very important, and the quality of the layout is directly related to the sound quality of the entire system.
1. Arrangement of loudspeakers The layout of loudspeakers generally follows the following principles:
1) Make the sound field of the hall even;
2) The viewing direction is the same, and the sound is natural and natural;
3) It is advantageous to overcome feedback and improve sound transmission gain;
4) The line is simple, easy to repair, and adjust the coverage angle;
5) The sound emitted by the speaker is delayed by 5~30ms than the natural sound source;
6) Cover all auditoriums according to the speaker coverage angle (4 kHz, 8 kHz drop from 8 kHz).
2, the speaker layout
The speaker layout should be determined according to factors such as building function, body shape, space height and auditorium setting. It is generally divided into: distributed arrangement, centralized arrangement, and mixed arrangement.
1) In the following cases, the speaker (or speaker system) should be arranged in a centralized manner;
(1) setting up the stage and requiring the same audiovisual effect;
(2) It is not suitable for the layout and construction restrictions.
When concentrated, the direct sound of the audience area can be made more uniform and the acoustic feedback can be minimized.
Centralized systems are centrally installed with a single speaker or a group of speakers .
For example, there is a stage-shaped hall, and the speaker system is close to the natural sound source, usually placed above the table or on both sides of the frame. The advantage of this arrangement is that the sound comes from the direction of the stage, and the sense of direction from the viewing is the same, and the hearing is more natural. The disadvantage is that complex shape (e.g., a gazebo too deep) or large halls, the sound field is not easy even, and even sound level of the rear seat may be low, Moreover, due to localized speakers arranged close to the microphone stage, prone to feedback whistle.
It should be noted in engineering design that a single-directional speaker or sound column should be selected, which is advantageous for overcoming acoustic feedback. When the speaker is arranged above the table, it is better to overcome the effect of the acoustic feedback than to arrange it on both sides of the table. For the higher space height, the obvious problem is that the front row of listeners will feel the sound coming from the top of the head. In order to overcome this defect, an auxiliary speaker can be added to the mouth (the power of the speaker should be allocated less). The sound field in the front row is even, causing the sound to move down. When the speakers are arranged on both sides of the table, the problem of acoustic feedback is more prominent. Because the speakers and the sound column are relatively poor in directivity in the horizontal direction, simply hang two speakers of the same power on both sides of the table, to the hall. The central seat audience will have double source interference, and the audience is very uncomfortable. The solution to the problem is to hang the speaker as high as possible and increase the auxiliary speaker as appropriate. Others are halls with audiences on all sides, such as gymnasiums, and speakers are arranged in the center of the competition hall. Place the microphone's performance area and pay attention to controlling the directivity of the speaker . Due to the complexity and variety of the halls, the centralized system can be assembled with many speakers and arranged in curves of different shapes.
2) Distributed speakers (or speaker systems) should be distributed in the following cases:
(1) The height of the hall in the building is high, the longitudinal distance is long or the hall may be divided into several parts, which should not be concentrated;
(2) The reverberation time in the hall is long and it is not suitable to concentrate.
When dispersing the arrangement, the power of the first row of speakers near the podium should be controlled to minimize the acoustic feedback. The double-sound phenomenon should be prevented in the audience area. If necessary, appropriate relative time delay measures can be taken in different paths.
The speaker set is often mounted on or around the ceiling. High noise level and timing is not played with a lounge, the speaker system may be used to set the distribution, uniform distribution is generally used in the speaker system of the stadium rings.
3) Mixed speaker (or speaker system) should be mixed in the following situations:
(1) In the theater where the platform is too deep or has a seat, it is advisable to arrange an auxiliary speaker system in the shaded part;
(2) For large or long-distance building halls, in addition to centrally setting up the speaker system, it is advisable to distribute the auxiliary speaker system;
(3) There are audience viewing halls in all directions.
For (1) and (2), the problem of controlling the sound path difference and limiting the sound level should be solved. When necessary, delay measures should be added to avoid double sound phenomenon.
For large or long halls, speakers are often arranged in a hybrid arrangement, with each group of speakers serving an area. The advantage is that the distance from the speaker to the listener is greatly shortened, which can increase the direct sound energy and the sound pressure level of the audience. The required power is smaller than that of the centralized arrangement, but it should be noted that: at different delays In the case, the distance between the two groups of speakers adjacent to each other is preferably 10~12m, and the maximum should not exceed 15m, otherwise the listener in the back seat can easily hear the double sound. A group of speakers near the front of the stage should have a smaller sound range, which is good for overcoming acoustic feedback.
3. The application of the sound column uses the sound column to play the sound in the venue. The sound in the whole venue is relatively uniform and clear. Hanging a column slightly obliquely at a certain height can make the sound before and after the venue uniform, thus overcoming the sound is always near. The disadvantage of being strong and weak is that the sound around the venue is basically uniform because of the large horizontal radiation angle between the sounds. If the hall is long and only uses one sound column, you should make the sound column longer, make it more directional, and also hang as high as possible, so that you can improve the phenomenon of strong front and then weak, and The directionality of the sound column also reduces the reverberation interference, so that the direct sound heard by the listener is increased relative to the reverberation of the hall, thereby improving the clarity of the sound, and the sound reproduction of the sound column also reduces the sound feedback; In the direction of the column, the lightest sound is pronounced along the upper and lower directions of the two ends of the sound, which is the dead angle of the pronunciation. If the bottom of the high-hanging sound column is facing the microphone, the sound fed back to the microphone is greatly weakened, the feedback is reduced, and the output of the amplifier can be made larger, making full use of the effect of the sound reinforcement.
The arrangement of the sound column should be determined according to the specific conditions of the hall. When using it, refer to the empirical data given in the table below. When arranging, the arrangement and direction of the sound column must be carefully debugged to obtain satisfactory results.
4, the hall layout example
1) Speaker position when filming a movie When the width, length, and height of the hall are in accordance with the standard, tilt the speaker so that the extension of the sound axis touches the rear half of the middle row of seats in the hall (about 2 in length) /3), can get good results. In addition, the relative positions of the speakers on both sides should be deflected such that their acoustic axes intersect at the midline of the auditorium.
2) In the sports field, the sound reinforcement system is often used to report the situation of the game to the audience on the stands. Due to the size and shape of the audience area, it is impossible to obtain a satisfactory sound level with a sound column. The range that should be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to install appropriate speakers around the playing field, and maintain proper distance between the speakers to obtain uniform loudness in the horizontal plane.
When considering the sound level required for a sound reinforcement device, it should be determined by the most crowded noise level. Although sometimes enough sound power is used to submerge the noise level on the playing field, in a very noisy situation, the power should be able to produce a sound level of 80 dB. The main problem is to select a sound amplifying device that satisfies the consideration. The required distance and the required sound level within the area.
In recent years, sports fields have also used centralized systems. For example, a stadium with a crew of 60,000 uses a centralized speaker set to achieve a 110dB sound pressure level. The speaker set includes 16 multi-gear speakers and four woofer- equipped low-frequency speakers . The crossover frequency is selected at 350Hz.
The layout of the entire sound reinforcement system is also very important, and the quality of the layout is directly related to the sound quality of the entire system.
1. Arrangement of loudspeakers The layout of loudspeakers generally follows the following principles:
1) Make the sound field of the hall even;
2) The viewing direction is the same, and the sound is natural and natural;
3) It is advantageous to overcome feedback and improve sound transmission gain;
4) The line is simple, easy to repair, and adjust the coverage angle;
5) The sound emitted by the speaker is delayed by 5~30ms than the natural sound source;
6) Cover all auditoriums according to the speaker coverage angle (4 kHz, 8 kHz drop from 8 kHz).
2, the speaker layout
The speaker layout should be determined according to factors such as building function, body shape, space height and auditorium setting. It is generally divided into: distributed arrangement, centralized arrangement, and mixed arrangement.
1) In the following cases, the speaker (or speaker system) should be arranged in a centralized manner;
(1) setting up the stage and requiring the same audiovisual effect;
(2) It is not suitable for the layout and construction restrictions.
When concentrated, the direct sound of the audience area can be made more uniform and the acoustic feedback can be minimized.
Centralized systems are centrally installed with a single speaker or a group of speakers .
For example, there is a stage-shaped hall, and the speaker system is close to the natural sound source, usually placed above the table or on both sides of the frame. The advantage of this arrangement is that the sound comes from the direction of the stage, and the sense of direction from the viewing is the same, and the hearing is more natural. The disadvantage is that complex shape (e.g., a gazebo too deep) or large halls, the sound field is not easy even, and even sound level of the rear seat may be low, Moreover, due to localized speakers arranged close to the microphone stage, prone to feedback whistle.
It should be noted in engineering design that a single-directional speaker or sound column should be selected, which is advantageous for overcoming acoustic feedback. When the speaker is arranged above the table, it is better to overcome the effect of the acoustic feedback than to arrange it on both sides of the table. For the higher space height, the obvious problem is that the front row of listeners will feel the sound coming from the top of the head. In order to overcome this defect, an auxiliary speaker can be added to the mouth (the power of the speaker should be allocated less). The sound field in the front row is even, causing the sound to move down. When the speakers are arranged on both sides of the table, the problem of acoustic feedback is more prominent. Because the speakers and the sound column are relatively poor in directivity in the horizontal direction, simply hang two speakers of the same power on both sides of the table, to the hall. The central seat audience will have double source interference, and the audience is very uncomfortable. The solution to the problem is to hang the speaker as high as possible and increase the auxiliary speaker as appropriate. Others are halls with audiences on all sides, such as gymnasiums, and speakers are arranged in the center of the competition hall. Place the microphone's performance area and pay attention to controlling the directivity of the speaker . Due to the complexity and variety of the halls, the centralized system can be assembled with many speakers and arranged in curves of different shapes.
2) Distributed speakers (or speaker systems) should be distributed in the following cases:
(1) The height of the hall in the building is high, the longitudinal distance is long or the hall may be divided into several parts, which should not be concentrated;
(2) The reverberation time in the hall is long and it is not suitable to concentrate.
When dispersing the arrangement, the power of the first row of speakers near the podium should be controlled to minimize the acoustic feedback. The double-sound phenomenon should be prevented in the audience area. If necessary, appropriate relative time delay measures can be taken in different paths.
The speaker set is often mounted on or around the ceiling. High noise level and timing is not played with a lounge, the speaker system may be used to set the distribution, uniform distribution is generally used in the speaker system of the stadium rings.
3) Mixed speaker (or speaker system) should be mixed in the following situations:
(1) In the theater where the platform is too deep or has a seat, it is advisable to arrange an auxiliary speaker system in the shaded part;
(2) For large or long-distance building halls, in addition to centrally setting up the speaker system, it is advisable to distribute the auxiliary speaker system;
(3) There are audience viewing halls in all directions.
For (1) and (2), the problem of controlling the sound path difference and limiting the sound level should be solved. When necessary, delay measures should be added to avoid double sound phenomenon.
For large or long halls, speakers are often arranged in a hybrid arrangement, with each group of speakers serving an area. The advantage is that the distance from the speaker to the listener is greatly shortened, which can increase the direct sound energy and the sound pressure level of the audience. The required power is smaller than that of the centralized arrangement, but it should be noted that: at different delays In the case, the distance between the two groups of speakers adjacent to each other is preferably 10~12m, and the maximum should not exceed 15m, otherwise the listener in the back seat can easily hear the double sound. A group of speakers near the front of the stage should have a smaller sound range, which is good for overcoming acoustic feedback.
3. The application of the sound column uses the sound column to play the sound in the venue. The sound in the whole venue is relatively uniform and clear. Hanging a column slightly obliquely at a certain height can make the sound before and after the venue uniform, thus overcoming the sound is always near. The disadvantage of being strong and weak is that the sound around the venue is basically uniform because of the large horizontal radiation angle between the sounds. If the hall is long and only uses one sound column, you should make the sound column longer, make it more directional, and also hang as high as possible, so that you can improve the phenomenon of strong front and then weak, and The directionality of the sound column also reduces the reverberation interference, so that the direct sound heard by the listener is increased relative to the reverberation of the hall, thereby improving the clarity of the sound, and the sound reproduction of the sound column also reduces the sound feedback; In the direction of the column, the lightest sound is pronounced along the upper and lower directions of the two ends of the sound, which is the dead angle of the pronunciation. If the bottom of the high-hanging sound column is facing the microphone, the sound fed back to the microphone is greatly weakened, the feedback is reduced, and the output of the amplifier can be made larger, making full use of the effect of the sound reinforcement.
The arrangement of the sound column should be determined according to the specific conditions of the hall. When using it, refer to the empirical data given in the table below. When arranging, the arrangement and direction of the sound column must be carefully debugged to obtain satisfactory results.
4, the hall layout example
1) Speaker position when filming a movie When the width, length, and height of the hall are in accordance with the standard, tilt the speaker so that the extension of the sound axis touches the rear half of the middle row of seats in the hall (about 2 in length) /3), can get good results. In addition, the relative positions of the speakers on both sides should be deflected such that their acoustic axes intersect at the midline of the auditorium.
2) In the sports field, the sound reinforcement system is often used to report the situation of the game to the audience on the stands. Due to the size and shape of the audience area, it is impossible to obtain a satisfactory sound level with a sound column. The range that should be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to install appropriate speakers around the playing field, and maintain proper distance between the speakers to obtain uniform loudness in the horizontal plane.
When considering the sound level required for a sound reinforcement device, it should be determined by the most crowded noise level. Although sometimes enough sound power is used to submerge the noise level on the playing field, in a very noisy situation, the power should be able to produce a sound level of 80 dB. The main problem is to select a sound amplifying device that satisfies the consideration. The required distance and the required sound level within the area.
In recent years, sports fields have also used centralized systems. For example, a stadium with a crew of 60,000 uses a centralized speaker set to achieve a 110dB sound pressure level. The speaker set includes 16 multi-gear speakers and four woofer- equipped low-frequency speakers . The crossover frequency is selected at 350Hz.
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