To be a good electrician and automation technician, you need to understand the basic principles of electricity and motors. For example, knowing that 1KW motor typically draws around 2A, understanding forward and reverse operation, star-delta connection, wire capacity, and the characteristics of resistance, inductance, and capacitance is essential. It's not just about memorizing; it's about truly grasping how these elements interact in real systems.
You should also have a solid grasp of hydraulics and pneumatics, including pressure conversion and how pressure relates to current in control systems. These are often used in industrial automation setups, so being able to interpret and apply this knowledge is key.
When it comes to wiring, you should be able to quickly identify wire cross-sections and know which type of cable to use in different situations. For example, a motor might require 4 wires—3 main lines and one ground. When working with inverters, shielded cables are a must to prevent interference and ensure safe and stable operation.
Being able to repair machines is another important skill. You should be familiar with various types of screws and the tools needed to remove them, such as internal hex wrenches or Allen keys. Don’t underestimate these small but crucial tools—they can save you a lot of time during troubleshooting and maintenance.
PLC programming is also a core skill. Start with simple projects like simulating traffic lights or controlling a conveyor belt. Understanding basic instructions and function blocks is a must, and you should be comfortable with all four major PLC brands, knowing their strengths and limitations.
Communication interfaces, such as Modbus, CAN, or Ethernet, should be part of your knowledge base. Being able to communicate with devices and systems is critical in modern automation environments.
You should also have a good understanding of the electrical market, including how to differentiate between good and bad components. For instance, if you're buying a used 40-point PLC, knowing how to test its performance and check for signs of wear is essential.
Inverters and microcontrollers are fundamental in modern control systems. You need to understand frequency control, servo control, and how these components integrate into larger systems. Familiarity with common electrical components and sensors, such as proximity switches, temperature sensors, and photoelectric sensors, is also necessary.
Proficiency in CAD electrical drawing software will help you design and modify schematics efficiently. Additionally, being skilled in office automation tools like Excel, Word, and project management software can make your work more organized and professional.
Finally, always stay humble and open to learning. No one can know everything, but by staying curious, working hard, and maintaining a positive mindset, you'll continuously improve and become a valuable asset in any technical environment. Practice regularly, solve real problems, and don't just rely on theory. The more hands-on experience you gain, the better you'll become.
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