With the rise of the new energy vehicle industry, many traditional automakers are now transitioning into this emerging sector. However, despite the rapid growth of electric vehicles, several technical challenges remain unresolved. The development of charging infrastructure has been progressing well, and its existence is largely due to objective factors.
“Public charging stations are still too few,†said Mr. Wu, who lives in Fuyang District of Hefei. “Even though the price is very attractive, I have to wait for a while.†He recently planned to switch to an electric car but found it difficult to make a decision. Many electric vehicle owners experience similar concerns about range anxiety.
The construction of charging facilities remains one of the biggest challenges in promoting electric vehicles. Charging infrastructure refers to all types of charging and battery-swapping facilities that provide power to electric vehicles. It plays a crucial role in supporting the development of the new energy automobile industry. According to officials from the Provincial Energy Bureau, the development of the new energy vehicle industry should prioritize “charging†infrastructure. Through reasonable planning and layout, they aim to speed up the establishment of a comprehensive charging service system, reduce charging time, and expand the service radius, helping electric vehicles travel more sustainably.
Recently, Anhui released the "Anhui Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Construction Plan (2017-2020)" to accelerate the development of charging infrastructure and promote the large-scale adoption of electric vehicles. Currently, the lag in charging pile deployment has become one of the most commonly reported issues in the industry. According to the National Energy Administration, by 2020, the number of electric vehicles in China is expected to exceed 5 million, requiring the construction of 3,848 bus replacement stations, 4.291 million private charging stations, and 500,000 public charging piles.
In recent years, our province has actively developed charging infrastructure, with multiple investment entities and diverse construction models such as car-driven, operator-led, and shared use. By the end of 2016, the total number of charging piles built in the province reached 21,500, including 10,300 public ones. The ratio of public charging piles to electric vehicles was 1:3, higher than the national average, providing a solid foundation for electric vehicle adoption.
However, the plan also pointed out some remaining challenges. For example, the construction of residential charging infrastructure is slow, often hindered by issues like parking space availability and property management. Additionally, supportive policies are not yet fully developed, and market maturity is lacking, which makes government oversight challenging.
By 2020, the goal is to meet the charging needs of over 200,000 electric vehicles. The plan outlines the construction of 200 special charging and replacement stations for buses, 100 for sanitation and logistics vehicles, 130 urban public charging stations, 30,000 decentralized public charging piles, 150,000 private charging piles, and 170 intercity fast-charging stations. A total investment of 10 billion yuan is planned, with an estimated electricity consumption of 3.3 billion kWh from 2017 to 2020, replacing 3 million tons of fuel.
Practice has shown that the development of electric vehicles is not without obstacles. Technical issues and the lack of charging infrastructure have posed significant challenges. Some problems may take time to resolve. Addressing these issues directly and implementing practical solutions will help the province develop a more targeted approach to charging infrastructure.
Currently, the charging infrastructure system in the province is gradually taking shape. By the end of 2016, Hefei and Wuhu had built 20,900 DC charging piles, covering various locations such as institutions, enterprises, bus stations, shopping malls, communities, universities, and public parking lots. Along expressways, 154 service areas were equipped with 616 DC fast-charging piles, accounting for 90% of operational service areas. Technologies related to monitoring, metering, and billing have advanced rapidly, improving the level of informatization, automation, and intelligence.
The plan emphasizes that Hefei and Wuhu will be pilot cities for new energy vehicle promotion, focusing on key areas for charging infrastructure. The public charging pile-to-vehicle ratio in core city areas should not be less than 1:7, with a service radius of under 0.9 km. In other cities, the ratio should be no less than 1:12, with a service radius of under 2 km. Qualified areas are encouraged to follow the pilot city standards.
To address consumer concerns, the plan proposes improving supporting policies, especially regarding safety, power supply, and fire protection. Disagreements between site managers and operators over profit-sharing mechanisms have created resistance. To overcome this, the plan suggests strengthening the planning and construction of charging facilities in new residential areas, developing renovation plans for old neighborhoods, and establishing shared charging infrastructure in public parking spaces.
By 2020, 120,000 residential self-use charging piles are expected to be built, with charging facilities installed in new residential areas and garages in Hefei and Wuhu. Public parking spaces should have at least 10% of their spots equipped with charging piles. Supporting policies, including land use, finance, and electricity pricing, have been improved to support the development of charging infrastructure.
For urban public charging facilities, the plan requires that transportation hubs, cultural and sports centers, green spaces, large buildings, and tourist attractions must have decentralized public charging piles. New public parking lots should include at least 20% of charging stations. Conditional refueling stations can also install charging infrastructure. Each city should plan to build independent charging and replacement stations with dedicated land and DC fast-charging capabilities.
Along expressways, the construction of fast-charging facilities will help meet cross-city demands and ease consumer concerns. New service areas should be equipped with charging facilities, and existing ones must complete installations by December 31, 2017. By 2020, a fully functional inter-city fast-charging network across the province will be established to meet the needs of electric vehicle users.
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