1 application standard
Since the stage lighting is not a compulsory certification lamp in China, many manufacturers do not know what standards the stage lighting should meet. Some manufacturers only know the special requirements of the stage lighting. At present, the application standards for stage lighting are: GB 7000.15-2000 "Safety requirements for lamps for stage lighting, television, film and photography (indoor and outdoor)" (equivalent to IEC 60598-2-17: 1984 + A1: 1987 + A2: 1990) ), GB 7000.1-2007 "Lamps Part 1: General Requirements and Tests" (equivalent to IEC 60598-1: 2003). The former is a special requirement standard, which is the standard for stage lighting. The latter is a general requirement standard, which is the standard for all lamps to meet the requirements. In other words, the stage lighting must not only meet the requirements of GB 7000.15, but also meet the requirements of GB 7000.1.
In addition, the latest version of GB 7000.15 has been published, namely GB 7000.217-2008 "Lamps Part 2-17: Special requirements for stage lighting, television, film and photography (indoor and outdoor) lamps (this standard is equivalent to IEC 60598 -2-17: 1984 + A2: 1990). This version will be officially implemented on February 1, 2010 instead of GB 7000.15-2000. The difference with the original standard is to do some +++++++++ editing ++++++++++, and re-edit the original standard translation is not accurate enough. This version is also equivalent to the current IEC standard, and manufacturers can use this version directly when designing stage lighting.
2 mark
Marking is one of the easiest to solve but often overlooked by the manufacturer, saying that it is the easiest to solve because it is actually a matter of writing a few words on the fixture. We found that most manufacturers pay insufficient attention to the mark, basically neglecting the requirements of the mark. Some manufacturers only pay attention to the requirements of the special requirements standard and do not know the requirements of the general requirements standard. What are the specific requirements for the marking of stage lighting? The following is a brief introduction to the marking of the luminaire by taking the common class I IP20 stage luminaire using a 750 W tungsten halogen lamp as an example.
2.1 specific content
2.1.1 Requirements of GB 7000.1-2007
According to the requirements of GB 7000.1-2007, the contents that must be written on the mark are: (1) source mark (usually the trademark or manufacturer name); (2) rated voltage; (3) rated maximum ambient temperature ta (25 ° C (4) Product model: (5) rated power; (6) mark or mark; (7) terminal symbol (except for Z-type wiring connection); (8) shortest distance from the illuminated surface; (9) replacement Symbol or warning for all broken shields.
The content that can be written on the mark or written on the manual is: (1) warning words without F mark and no mark; (2) frequency; (3) description of the glass shield; (4) symbol of the power type ; (5) Description of the X, Y or Z type connection.
2.1.2 Requirements for GB 7000.217-2008
According to the requirements of GB 7000.217-2008, the content that must be written on the mark is:
(1) The position of the “top†of the lamp; (2) The position of the design or the range of the adjustment angle; (3) The layout of the lamp (such as the distance between the lamps); (4) The warning mark: the power should be cut off before replacing the lamp. (5) Warning: hot bulb; (6) rated maximum ambient temperature ta; (7) shortest distance between all outer surfaces of the luminaire and combustible material; (8) surface temperature when the luminaire reaches steady state.
The contents that can be written in the manual are as follows: (1) If the protective screen, lens or ultraviolet screen on the luminaire produces visible damage, it will be damaged to the degree of failure; (2) if cracks or deep marks are generated, it should be replaced in time; (3) The lamp should be replaced if it is damaged or thermally deformed.
2.1.3 Other content
In accordance with the provisions of the National Quality Law, in addition, must also have: product name, manufacturer name, product production standards. Product standards can be identified on the instructions, which are for domestic sales of luminaires.
In summary, the common content of the Class I IP20 stage luminaire using a 750 W tungsten halogen lamp is shown as an example. The contents of the manual (contents that must be written) are as shown in 2.
2.2 Points to note
(1) Reasonable labeling parameters
In the example, X is the manufacturer's own data, which is directly related to the results of experiments and tests. For example, the ta temperature, which is the rated maximum ambient temperature, is the highest continuous temperature at which the luminaire specified by the manufacturer can operate under normal conditions. It can work at temperatures not exceeding ta + 10 ° C for a short time, and the luminaire should be able to withstand heat without damage. Nowadays, many manufacturers generally believe that the higher the ambient temperature is, the better. Many manufacturers set this temperature at 45 ° C or even 55 ° C. In this way, the durability test of the testing mechanism is at ta + 10 ° C, ie At 55 ° C and 65 ° C, the thermal test is also carried out at ta temperature, 45 ° C and 55 ° C, while the qualified determination method and the temperature limit of the test are unchanged. As is known to all, the heat generation of the tungsten halogen lamp itself is very large, and the high ambient temperature makes the heat dissipation of the lamp difficult, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the standard. Therefore, the setting of the ambient temperature is not necessarily the higher the better, and should be combined with the actual use environment of the product, it is sufficient to set the maximum temperature at 35 ° C, which already includes the short-term working conditions below 45 ° C. Imagine if the ambient temperature of the luminaire exceeds 45 ° C, then the temperature on the stage is not too low. How should the performing arts continue? For example, the shortest distance from the illuminated surface, the distance between the outer surface of the lamp and the flammable material, etc., are tested at the distance marked by the manufacturer. The temperature of the test board should not exceed 90 °C. The surface temperature when the lamp reaches a steady state is the temperature limit set by the manufacturer itself. This is one of the main reasons for the failure of many lamps. If you want to design the stage lamps, you can pass the test. A reasonable temperature value can completely improve the qualified level of the product.
(2) Description of X, Y or Z connection
For instructions on the X, Y or Z connection, the instructions are as follows: a. X-connection with a special wire: If the external flexible cable or cord of the luminaire is damaged, the wire is to be used by the manufacturer or its service agent. Replace the soft cable or cord with the special offer.
b. Connection: If the external flexible cable or cord of this luminaire is damaged, it should be replaced by the manufacturer or its service agent or a qualified person to avoid danger.
c. Z-connection: The external flexible cable or cord of this luminaire cannot be replaced; if the cord is damaged, the luminaire is scrapped.
Manufacturers can choose the instructions according to the specific conditions of their own lamps. Note that if the user can complete the simple replacement of the ordinary electric wire by himself, there is no need to write a description, but the terminal connecting the power cord must be marked with the neutral line, the phase line, and the ground line symbol.
(3) The symbol for replacing all broken shields should be selected according to the specific glass shape.
(4) The position of the “top†is marked by the manufacturer according to the installation position of the lamp. It should be attached directly to the “topâ€, which is usually the highest temperature on the surface of the luminaire.
(5) "MAX" in the "MAX750W" is necessary for tungsten or self-ballasted fluorescent lamps, but is not required for fluorescent lamps and gas discharge lamps.
(6) Only for normal installation work, lamps with a mounting surface temperature not exceeding 90 °C can be marked, otherwise they can only be marked, or a warning is added to the mark or manual: the lamp cannot be directly mounted on the surface of ordinary combustible materials. .
If the stage lighting fixture uses a gas discharge light source, there are some other requirements, such as power factor and power supply current. There are some warning instructions for the light source in GB 7000.217. In addition, GB 7000.1 also has many marking requirements for various types of lamps, such as Class II lamps, Class III lamps, IP requirements, etc., which are not described in detail here.
3 structure
The structural problem is the most difficult problem to solve. The reason why it is difficult to solve is that the structural problem is usually related to the entire design of the luminaire. Sometimes it is even more difficult to modify the mold. For the common Class I IP20 stage lamps using 750W tungsten halogen lamps, the requirements of GB7000.1 are usually not a big problem. We mainly analyze the common non-conformities in the special requirements standards for stage lamps.
(1) Luminaires shall be designed so that they cannot be loaded into the lamp when the lamp holder is energized. This rule does not apply to luminaires that are only for professional use.
Since the lamp holder used in the stage luminaire usually cannot meet the anti-shock requirements when replacing the light source, it is best to satisfy this requirement. The most thorough solution is to increase the switch of each pole of the power supply in the line so that the luminaire is turned on. The power is automatically turned off for a moment. Of course, most of the stage lamps we see are only for professional use. This requirement is not applicable, but it must be indicated in the place where the user can see the outer surface of the lamp: This lamp is for professional use only.
It is best to design the luminaire as much as possible to use a special tool to open.
(2) The structure of the luminaire shall be capable of accommodating glass fragments or quartz granules generated when the bulb is broken.
This clause is to prevent the bulb from collapsing and will not endanger the safety of the surrounding environment and personnel. The specific requirements are more complicated. The following is the following: The lamp cavity must meet the following conditions: all normal working positions of the lamp, the pieces may fall out. The opening should be ≤ 3 mm; all other openings of the lamp have no direct passage corresponding to the cavity of the bulb, or the opening is covered with a screen, the grid gap is ≤ 8 mm, or the labyrinth barrier is used for the opening.
Or mark the following on the luminaire: Warning: Only use lamps that comply with 357-IEC-3155. The 357-IEC-3155 bulb is a low-pressure tungsten halogen lamp that does not burst easily during operation and produces splash particles.
The stage luminaire transparent parts also meet one of the following conditions:
a. There is a glass protection screen in front of the bulb + mesh with a grid gap ≤ 12mm; b. There is a single lens + grid gap in front of the bulb c. There is a composite lens in front of the bulb.
All protective screens should be adapted to the temperature during normal operation and have clamping devices to keep the broken protective screen in place.
(3) In addition to moving on the floor or portable lighting, other luminaires should have auxiliary suspension devices, even if the main suspension device loses its effectiveness, the lamps will not fall.
Since most of the stage luminaires are of high quality and the installation height is relatively high, the installation position is usually above the stage. Once dropped, it will hurt the actors or spectators performing on the stage. This clause is to avoid this danger. The method to be solved is actually very simple. First, ensure that all parts are installed firmly; then, it is equipped with an auxiliary suspension device, such as a metal chain or a high-strength nylon rope, one end is placed on the lamp holder, and the other end can be fixed to the crane. On a pole, truss or building.
4 grounding
The requirements for grounding are the same as for all other common luminaires. They are not specific, but like all other luminaires, they are prone to problems.
Class I luminaires are metal parts that are accessible when they are installed, replaced with a light source or replaceable starter, opened when cleaned, and may become charged when the insulation fails. They should be permanently and reliably grounded to ground or ground. Point to connect.
Everyone can understand the grounding requirements, but they are not comprehensive enough to understand the specific requirements. Many manufacturers will say that there is no problem in measuring the grounding resistance. How can we say that the lamps are not qualified? The author makes a brief explanation of this requirement. The key lies in two points: First, what components need to be grounded? Once the basic insulation damage may cause the live parts to be grounded; the second is the permanent and reliable grounding. The grounding resistance is only one of the requirements of the grounding regulations. It is the most critical to ensure its permanentity and reliability. The most common method is to ensure that a star washer (tweed washer) or a spring washer is placed under the fixing screw and nut. Note that the spring washers only have a loose lock function and are suitable for metal surfaces that are not painted. The star washers (blossom washers) have the functions of anti-loosening and scraping, and are suitable for all surfaces.
5 wiring
External and internal wiring is one of the most difficult problems in the current stage lighting. It is not difficult to solve this problem alone, but it takes a lot of effort to solve it together with other related problems. There are three main points in the luminaire detection that are not qualified: wiring cross-sectional area, external line type and cord holder.
5.1 wiring cross-sectional area
The problem of wiring cross-sectional area is mainly due to unfamiliar standards. There is a special requirement in GB 7000.217, that is, when the rated current is less than or equal to 3 A, the external and internal wiring nominal cross-sectional area is not less than 0.75 mm 2 , rated current When it is more than 3 A, it is not less than 1.5 mm. 2. For the common Class I IP20 stage lamps using 750 W tungsten halogen lamps, the rated current is more than 3 A. Therefore, all wiring cross-sectional areas must exceed 1.5. Mm 2.
5.2 External line model
If the power connection method of the non-removable flexible cable is used, the external line model standard is specified. See GB 7000.1-2007.1. However, the wires of these models are usually ordinary PVC wires, if used directly on the high-power stage. In the luminaire, the temperature of the wire for the thermal test exceeds the limit. There are currently three solutions: (1) use. The wires in 1 are designed with the luminaire structure so that the power line temperature does not exceed 90 °C. This is the most fundamental solution, but for stage lighting that has already been designed, it may involve changing the mold, which is quite difficult to operate.
(2) Use high temperature resistant cable. It may require special customization. The difficulty of this method is whether it can find such a cable supplier. This should be the best solution for already designed stage lighting.
(3) This requirement is met by using a non-standard power cord, that is, a method using a high temperature resistant wire with a bushing or the like. This method requires that the mechanical and electrical performance of the non-standard power cord be in accordance with GB 5023 and GB 5013. How to meet the requirements of these two standards is a difficult boundary to control.
5.3 cord holder
In the stage lighting, we found that there are often no power supply cables connected from the lamps and no components are connected, and the other end is suspended. At this time, it must be stated in the manual how to wire, what kind of terminals, junction boxes and soft should be equipped. Wire holder.
The cord holder is for non-removable flexible cable. At present, the common power connection method for stage lamps is terminal block and non-removable flexible cable or cord. Even if the terminal is used, the terminal is generally connected. Most of them are non-removable flexible cable, which also requires the requirement of a cord holder.
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