The power system has traditionally been divided into three main components: power generation, transmission, and distribution. Power generation involves the production of electricity from various sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, or renewable resources. Once generated, this electricity is sent to the transmission system, which is responsible for moving large amounts of power over long distances through high-voltage lines. Finally, the distribution system takes the electricity from the transmission network and delivers it to end users, such as homes, businesses, and industries.
The part of the power system that starts from a substation with a step-down transformer (often referred to as a high-voltage distribution substation) and extends to the customer’s point of connection is known as the power distribution system. This system consists of various equipment and facilities, including transformers, switchgear, cables, and distribution panels, all working together to reduce voltage levels and deliver electricity safely and efficiently to consumers.
Ensuring the safe and reliable operation of transformers is a critical part of our daily responsibilities. By analyzing common abnormal operations and faults in transformers, we can quickly identify the root causes and take appropriate corrective actions. This helps prevent potential failures, minimizes downtime, and ensures the continuous and stable operation of the electrical system.
Transformers play a vital role in both the transmission and distribution networks. According to established maintenance and operational guidelines, regular inspections are essential to monitor their performance and detect any early signs of issues. Timely intervention can help address problems before they escalate, reducing the risk of major failures and ensuring the safety and reliability of the equipment.
Some common abnormal conditions and faults in transformers include:
1. Unusual sounds or noises coming from the transformer.
2. Elevated oil temperature under normal load and cooling conditions.
3. A significant change in the color of the insulating oil.
4. Oil leakage from the oil pillow or explosion-proof tube.
5. Imbalance in the three-phase voltages.
6. Activation of relay protection systems.
7. Flashing or explosive discharges on the porcelain insulation casing.
8. Malfunction of the tap changer.
By staying vigilant and conducting routine checks, we can maintain the integrity and efficiency of the power distribution system, ultimately contributing to a more stable and secure energy supply for all users.
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