SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a data acquisition and monitoring control system designed to manage and control industrial processes. It serves as a computer-based automation solution that enables real-time monitoring, equipment control, data collection, parameter adjustment, and alarm signaling. The system's adaptability has led to diverse developments across different industries, with each application area shaping its own unique evolution.
The development of SCADA systems can be traced through three main generations. The first generation emerged in the 1970s, relying on dedicated computers and specialized operating systems. Examples include the SD176 system developed for North China Power Grid and the H-80M system used in Japan’s railway electrification projects. These early systems were centralized, non-open, and difficult to maintain or expand.
In the 1980s, the second generation of SCADA systems began to use general-purpose computers such as VAX workstations, running UNIX-based operating systems. This era saw the integration of economic operation analysis, automatic generation control (AGC), and network analysis into the EMS (Energy Management System). While more flexible than the first generation, these systems remained closed and lacked true openness, limiting scalability and interoperability.
The third generation, starting in the 1990s, introduced open, distributed architectures based on networked computers and relational databases. This allowed large-scale networking and better integration with other systems. During this time, China experienced significant investment in power grid automation, with a planned 270 billion yuan allocated for grid upgrades over three years. This period marked a rapid expansion of SCADA/EMS systems, incorporating cutting-edge technologies.
The fourth generation of SCADA/EMS systems, expected to emerge in the early 2000s, leverages Internet technology, object-oriented design, neural networks, and Java. These advancements aim to enhance system integration, security, and support for commercial operations. As a result, SCADA systems continue to evolve, becoming more intelligent and interconnected.
In the field of electrified railways, SCADA systems have also seen significant progress. Unlike power systems, railway applications require specific features tailored to their operational needs. Notable products include the HY200 microcomputer remote control system developed by our company and the DWY system from Southwest Jiaotong University. Both are known for their reliability and advanced functionality, playing a critical role in ensuring safe and high-quality power supply for railway electrification. Their implementation highlights the indispensable role of SCADA in modern rail infrastructure.
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