The following is the circuit diagram of the [X9313 digital control potentiometer internal structure]. The X9313 is an industrial-grade 32-tap digitally controlled potentiometer with a maximum resistance of 10 kΩ. It comes in various package types, including DIP, OIC, and FSSOP, all with 8 pins. The internal functional block diagram of the X9313 is shown in the figure.
The device consists of several key components: an input section, a 5-bit E2PROM, a memory and recall circuit, a 32-select decoder, a 32-channel analog switch made up of MOSFETs, and a resistor array. The input part uses a 5-bit up/down counter connected via a three-wire add/drop interface to a microcontroller. This counter functions like a standard up/down counter, and its output is decoded to control the electronic switches, which connect a specific point on the resistor array to the wiper output.
The resistor array contains 32 equal resistors along with associated switches. Depending on the configuration, the counter's value can be stored in non-volatile memory for later use. This ensures that even after power is removed, the last known position of the wiper is retained.
The two top leads are connected to VH (high voltage) and VL (low voltage), while the middle tap is VW (wiper). The chip select signal (CS) is active low, meaning when it is low, the X9313 is enabled and can receive signals. On the falling edge of the clock signal (CLK), the counter increments or decrements by one. If the UP signal is high, the wiper moves toward VH, reducing the resistance between VW and VH by one step. Conversely, if the DOWN signal is high, the wiper moves toward VL.
Once the counter reaches an extreme value (00000 or 11111), it does not loop back. Instead, it stops at the maximum or minimum position. When the chip select (CS) and write enable (WE) signals are both high, the current counter value is written to non-volatile memory. Upon system startup, the device automatically retrieves this stored value and loads it into the counter, ensuring consistent operation each time.
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