In today's society, the products that use microcontrollers have penetrated into all areas of our lives, and it is almost impossible to find which field does not have the footprint of a single-chip microcomputer. Nowadays, the use of such a single-chip microcomputer has been extensive, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communication equipment, navigation systems, household appliances, etc., which are inseparable from the single-chip microcomputer. Therefore, the learning, development and application of single-chip microcomputers will create a group of engineers and scientists for computer applications and intelligent control. The more developed the technology, the more intelligent things are. Learning MCU is an inevitable requirement of social development and a compulsory course for electronic enthusiasts and engineers.
Most of the early electronic instruments and equipment were either too costly or complicated, and it took a lot of effort and time for engineers to maintain it. It was more difficult to change its function. And the powerful features of the microcontroller will help you to handle this, of course, if you need to understand and learn it.
R&D engineers engaged in single-chip technology are high-ranking, high-paying jobs. According to the survey, as of 2006, China's MCU practitioners 2.5 million people. With the development of society, the practitioners of MCU will be more sought after. According to incomplete statistics, by 2010, China's MCU design practitioners will reach as many as 4 million people. It is of great practical significance to train single-chip application talents, especially engineers with the latest modern single-chip technology and practical experience.
Second, what is a single chip? What is the use of microcontroller?If there is no difference between the microcontroller and the computer we use, you must be surprised (a chip). . This is not surprising. The fact is that this is understood: the microcontroller is a simple but complete computer system. The sparrow is small and complete, it is integrated into a chip. It also uses modules similar to computer functions, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus, and the same storage device as the hard disk. The difference is that the performance of these components is much weaker than our home computer, but the price is also low. Generally, it can be no more than 10 yuan. . . . . . But it is enough to use it to do some sort of control of electrical appliances that is not too complicated. We can now see the figure in the automatic drum washing machine, the exhaust hood VCD and so on! . . . . . . It is mainly used as a core component of the control part.
The microcontroller is program-based and can be modified. Different functions are implemented through different programs, especially special and unique functions. This is something that can be done with a lot of effort, and some are hard to do. If a function that is not very complicated is to use the pure hardware of the 74 series developed in the United States in the 1950s or the CD4000 series in the 1960s, the circuit must be a large PCB board! But if you use the series of single-chip microcomputers that were successfully put on the market in the United States in the 1970s, the result will be very different! Just because the program that you write through the microcontroller can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency, and high reliability!
With the advent and development of VLSI, the CPU, RAM, ROM, timer/counter and various I/O resource interfaces of the computer are integrated on one chip to form a chip-level computer. The earliest meaning is a single-chip microcomputer, also known as a microcontroller (Microcontroller), abbreviated as "MCU" in English.
To be precise, a single-chip microcomputer is not called an IC. A single-chip microcomputer is not a chip that completes a certain logic function, but integrates a computer system into one chip. In a nutshell: a single-chip chip becomes a microcomputer. Its small size, light weight and low price make it easy to learn, apply and develop. At the same time, learning to use the microcontroller is the best choice to understand the computer principle and structure.
It can be said that the twentieth century has spanned three eras of "electricity", namely, the electrical age, the electronic age, and the computer era that has now entered. However, such a computer usually refers to a personal computer, or PC for short. It consists of a host, a keyboard, a display, etc. (as shown in Figure 1). There is also a type of computer that most people are not familiar with. This kind of computer is a single-chip microcomputer (also called a microcontroller) that gives intelligence to various machines. As the name implies, this computer's smallest system uses only one integrated circuit for simple calculations and control. Because it is small, it is usually hidden in the "belly" of the controlled machinery. It plays the role of the human mind in the whole device, and it is out of order, and the whole device is paralyzed. Once a variety of products are used on a single-chip computer, it can play a role in upgrading the product. It is often preceded by the adjective “-smartâ€, such as a smart washing machine. Some of the products that some factory technicians or other amateur electronics developers have come up with are not too complicated circuits, they are too simple and can be easily copied. The reason for this may be that the product is not using a microcontroller or other programmable logic device.
Third, the main features of the microcontroller1) Excellent performance and price ratio. At present, in the domestic market, some single-chip microcomputer chips are only a few yuan, plus a small number of peripheral components, can constitute a functionally rich intelligent control device.
2) High integration, small size and good reliability. The single-chip microcomputer integrates various functional components on one chip, and adopts the bus structure internally, which reduces the connection between the chips, and greatly improves the reliability and anti-interference ability of the single-chip microcomputer. Moreover, due to the small size of the single chip microcomputer, it is easy to adopt electromagnetic shielding or sealing measures, which is suitable for working in harsh environments.
3) Strong control ability. The MCU instructions are abundant and can be fully satisfied. Various requirements for industrial control.
4) Low power consumption, low voltage, easy to produce portable products.
5) Easy to expand. Computer control systems of various application scales can be constructed in parallel or serially as needed.
Fourth, learn the conditions of the microcontrollerAt present, there are many MCUs, which one to learn? 8051, PIC, MS430, AVR or other models? In fact, which one can learn, although the MCU models are different, but the resources inside the chip are similar, and the use of these resources is similar, it can be said that learning one, other kinds will be integrated. Which one to learn depends mainly on the conditions that are available.
The 8051 series is an old model. It is the foundation of the world's famous CPU manufacturer INTEL. It is the most powerful, but it is the most widely used but the most widely used teaching materials. Most of the MCU chips with mature software and hardware support, all major MCU websites have related learning and routine data. Atmel has carried it forward and launched the FLASH AT89 product line. Now it is popular AT89S51, 52. Many people started from this one. Therefore, this site is recommended to get started with 51 single-chip microcomputer.
Learning the microcontroller must have the following basic hardware and software:
Personal PC (that is, computer)
Single chip microcomputer and common peripheral components
Programmer or download line
Experiment board and emulator
Multimeters and tools (ironing iron, etc.)
One or a few books
Is it difficult to learn a single chip? It is not difficult to say that it is deceptive. It is difficult and irresponsible. There are difficult places and simple places. In short, the main thing to learn microcontroller is to constantly practice! Don't be afraid of the internal structure, don't be afraid of the instructions, when you have the physical practice step by step, very quickly, the internal structure will be clear in your mind, the instructions will be remembered one by one, understanding the theoretical knowledge It is clear and will be used.
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