Laurent Jenck (Zheng Lekang), director of LED general lighting and power marketing and systems engineering at ON Semiconductor, pointed out that in a typical 100 W incandescent lamp, about 95 W of electricity is converted into heat, and the remaining 5 W is converted. For the light. Therefore, many countries in the world have begun to phase out ordinary incandescent lamps and encourage the use of energy-saving lamps. Energy-saving lamps such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and linear fluorescent lamps (LFLs) have significantly reduced energy consumption compared to incandescent lamps (only about one-fifth the equivalent of incandescent lamps), but these traditional energy-saving lamps contain highly toxic chemicals. Mercury has an adverse effect on the environment. On the other hand, high-brightness light-emitting diodes (HB-LEDs) have been comprehensively improved in terms of light output, energy efficiency, and cost in recent years. At the same time, combined with the advantages of compact, low-voltage operation and environmental protection, they are revolutionizing the field of illumination.
LED lighting invaded various fields, applications will be more popular
Today, LED lighting, or solid-state lighting (SSL), accounts for almost 100% of mobile device applications such as cell phones with less than 4 inches of screen size, camera flash, and large display applications in roadside and stadiums. In addition, LED lighting is also moving into other areas. For example, in automotive applications, LED lighting accounts for about 15% of the total. In larger liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight applications, although cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) still dominate today, the total penetration of LED illumination has reached approximately 20%, see Figure 1. Especially in the high-profile LCD TV backlight applications, according to Laurent Jenck, LCD TVs with LED backlights are expected to occupy 50% of the market in the next three to four years. 
Figure 1: The penetration ratio of LED lighting in various applications.
With its expertise and strengths in power management and energy efficiency solutions, ON Semiconductor is able to leverage its leadership in power efficiency, providing dedicated LED drivers for the portable, consumer, industrial and automotive markets, and solid-state lighting solutions that meet or exceed Normative requirements around the world, such as the GreenPoint® reference design power supply.
In comparison, the penetration ratio of LED lighting in general lighting fields such as light bulbs, recessed lights, street and district lighting, task lights, landscape lighting, commercial building lighting, and billboard text circuit lighting is still low, currently less than 2%. Far below other lighting types. However, LED lighting has the advantages of high energy efficiency, which makes it have great application potential in the general lighting market. For example, ON Semiconductor redesigned a halogen table lamp (using a 35 W bulb) purchased from a retail store with no electronic components in the original halogen lamp and only one heavier 60 Hz transformer. The halogen lamp has an input power of 41.7 W at 120 Vac and a brightness of 744 lumens at a distance of 0.5 m. The redesigned table lamp uses an LED module with an ON Semiconductor NCP1014 self-powered monolithic switching regulator at the bottom of the lamp. The input power is 10.9 W at 120 Vac, which means that the energy consumption is only 1/4 of the halogen lamp; The LED desk lamp measured 795 lumens at the same distance, which is better than the halogen lamp. Its energy efficiency of 72.9 lumens/watt (lm/W) is several times that of the halogen lamp (17.8 lm/ W).
Of course, price is a limiting factor for the rapid spread of LED lighting in the field of general lighting. However, ON Semiconductor's Laurent Jenck cited the history of semiconductors as saying that when semiconductor technology was first introduced, its cost was so high that applications were limited to US military's cost-insensitive applications, such as military satellites; With the expansion of scope and application, semiconductor products finally enter the consumer market and are widely used in all corners of our daily work and life. Therefore, as the number of applications increases, the price/cost of LED lighting will gradually move toward consumer applications. Laurent Jenck expects LED general lighting to begin to enter mainstream home applications within five years.
Normative agencies around the world are also actively developing and publishing relevant LED lighting energy efficiency specifications. For example, the US version of the "Energy Star" version 1.1 solid-state lighting specifications came into effect in February 2009. This specification has different energy efficiency requirements for different products such as spotlights or outdoor lights, and includes power factor requirements. As far as China is concerned, the China National Institute of Standardization, which is responsible for the setting of energy efficiency standards, is taking the lead in researching China's LED lighting energy efficiency standards in the coming year.
Promote LED lighting development with a wide range, energy efficiency and innovative drive solutions
Due to the promising future of LED lighting applications, to promote its continuous development, it is necessary to select a suitable driving solution for different LED lighting applications. As the world's leading supplier of high performance, energy efficient silicon solutions, ON Semiconductor offers a wide range of energy efficient and innovative and rugged LED lighting solutions. Whether it's battery-powered applications or applications powered directly from AC or DC lines, ON Semiconductor offers suitable energy-efficient LED driver solutions such as inductive and charge pump LED drivers, switching regulators, and highly integrated illumination. Management Integrated Circuits (LMICs), Linear Constant Current Drivers (CCRs), Power Factor Correction (PFC) integrated circuits, high voltage switching power supply solutions, and a wide range of MOSFETs, rectifiers, and other discrete product and circuit protection families.
For example, in battery-powered mobile device backlight applications, different LED driving technologies can be used, such as linear current drivers, inductive step-up switching regulators, charge pump drivers, and the like. These kinds of drive technologies have their own characteristics and requirements, so they can provide them with the LED drive technology that best suits their products. For example, the linear current driver is simple and easy to use, has no switching noise, and the number of external components is very small, but the forward voltage of this driver must be lower than the battery voltage, and the energy efficiency is related to the input voltage and the LED forward voltage. The inductor-boost switching regulator has excellent LED string current matching and is extremely energy efficient in the battery line voltage range, supporting long strings of LED high power/high voltage operation. Typical products for charge pump drivers feature a capacitor-based switching topology with integrated linear drivers for tight current matching, high switching frequency, and minimal external components.
In automotive applications, different LED drivers are also required depending on the current. For example, a new trend in automobiles is to replace the currently used resistive drivers with linear constant current regulators in combination taillight applications where current is often only tens of milliamps (mA). The resistive drive scheme is simple and low cost, but it has extremely low energy efficiency, and it also faces problems or challenges such as high current stress at high voltage, LED coding and thermal runaway. In view of this, ON Semiconductor has introduced innovative dual- and three-terminal linear constant current regulators (CCRs) that use ON Semiconductor's patent-pending self-biasing transistor (SBT) technology, combined with the company's process Control expertise, providing low cost advantages, supporting a wide voltage range, providing higher energy efficiency and higher current regulation accuracy than resistive drivers, and is more conducive to protecting LEDs.
Other applications, such as building lighting, can also use ON Semiconductor's energy-efficient LED driver solutions, such as CAT4103, CAT4109 three-channel linear constant current driver is a high-brightness RGB LED driver for emerging high-brightness, high visual impact RGB LED pixel control in LED building lighting. The CAT4106 is a multi-channel step-up LED driver for larger, general-purpose LCD backlight applications that can drive up to 40 white LEDs , providing a total of 6 W of LED output power and helping designers to maximize backlight efficiency. In addition, large-size LCD TVs using LED backlights are becoming more and more popular, especially side-lit LED backlights, which usually require six single-string LED strips (each string of LEDs is considered as one LED track). Each of the existing 6-channel side-lit LED TVs includes a dedicated driver IC, an inductive DC-DC boost converter, and a switch. And ON Semiconductor's multi-channel linear LED driver CAT4026 for large-size edge-lit LED-backlit LCD TVs is a cost-effective solution that supports a high number of channels and can control six LED channels with a single IC. At 90%, the typical value of energy efficiency is as high as 94%, and it provides protection against fault conditions such as LED open circuit and excessive LED short circuit. A schematic diagram of the application of CAT4026 is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Multi-channel linear sidelight scheme for large-size LED-backlit LCD TVs based on ON Semiconductor's CAT4026.
In general lighting applications, different power applications also require different LED drive solutions. For low-power applications, ON Semiconductor's NCL30000 off-line LED driver with power factor correction is compatible with TRIAC dimming. This driver directly drives the LED with a constant constant current output to stabilize the current; the power factor is higher than 0.9, complies with the IEC Class C harmonic content standard, exceeds the "Energy Star" specification; low output power at 5 to 15 W At levels, energy efficiency is above 80% and typical energy efficiency is above 83%, making it ideal for general-purpose lighting applications. In high-power street lighting applications, an integrated solution such as ON Semiconductor's NCP1607 PFC controller and NCP1397 resonant half-bridge controller can be used, with an energy efficiency of 92%-93% and reduced electromagnetic interference.
to sum up:
With the overall improvement of LED brightness, energy efficiency and cost, LED lighting is further expanding from small-scale mobile device backlights, camera flash, large display and other professional subdivision applications, into automotive lighting, larger LCD backlights and even universal The lighting market is promising. Designers targeting these applications need to choose a high-performance, energy-efficient LED lighting driver solution. As the world's leading supplier of high performance, energy efficient silicon solutions, ON Semiconductor offers a wide selection of energy efficient LED drivers/regulators to meet different subdivision applications, current requirements and power levels, and is tested. The energy-efficient GreenPointTM reference design helps designers shorten design cycles and speed time-to-market.
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