In the field of active safety of automobiles, automotive microwave/millimeter wave radar sensors are one of the core components. Among them, 77GHZ millimeter wave radar is an indispensable key component in smart cars. It can quickly perceive the range of 0-300 meters in all-weather scenes. A sensor device that measures information such as distance, velocity, and azimuth of an environmental object.
It is understood that the core technology of this product is still in the hands of Bosch, Delphi, Denso, TRW, ConTI and other major multinational giants. At present, in the field of 77GHZ millimeter wave radar, the technical and overall difficulty has the following points:
1. A wealth of radar systems and millimeter wave RF design experience and capabilities are required. The talents in this field are mostly concentrated in the hands of the military and foreign manufacturers. The technical blockade, device embargo, and test environment are difficult to build. Even a Datasheet and Demo can't be found.
2.77 GHZ millimeter wave radar requires a very high reliability design and verification process. Need to consider from the aspects of system, materials, software and hardware, structure, test verification, production process, consistency, etc., much higher than ordinary consumer-grade electronic products, and higher than the reliability requirements of carrier-grade products, the product itself must reach ASIL-D The enterprise must reach ISO16949. As an example: Millimeter wave radar is operating at a temperature range of -40-125 degrees. That means almost all the materials in the BOM have to be car-grade.
3.77 GHZ millimeter wave radar needs to achieve high enough performance in a small enough volume. Foreign mass production products can basically reach an effective detection distance of more than 200 meters. There are some laboratory versions in China, the detection distance is less than 100 meters, and the antenna size is huge and cannot be put into practical use.
4. The 77GHZ millimeter wave radar has very high cost requirements (less than $100). The car is a bit like a consumer market, and the cost is critical. No matter how good the product is, it will not be able to land when the cost is high. Therefore, if entrepreneurs want to reduce costs, they should not think about the traditional radar technology architectures and devices such as discrete RF, DSP, and FPGA. They can only study the mainstream T/R components and chip customization.
5. Mass production test calibration is a complex system engineering. RF products need to be calibrated and consistently tested in the mass production process. It is necessary to have a wealth of RF system test and calibration experience to build this test equipment, and this production test equipment is more difficult to develop than the radar itself.
There are currently complete automotive radar solutions available from NXP, Freescale, ST and Infineon.
One: Infineon 77GHz automotive radar solution
System diagram for automoTIve 24GHz radar system
System diagram of automoTIve 77 GHz radar system 
Two: NXP's Freescale Carl's 77GHz automotive radar solution
NXP's Freescale is developing a radar prototype chip codenamed "Dolphin." Based on digital CMOS chip processing technology, the chip is designed for an optimal operating bandwidth of 80 GHz, but the product can operate in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz bandwidth.
Three: STMicroelectronics 24GHz/77GHz Automotive Radar Solution
Although the core technologies and products mentioned above are concentrated in the hands of foreign giants, there are still some difficulties in terms of talent reserve. However, the achievements in China are not to be underestimated. In particular, Shenyang Chengtai Technology Co., Ltd. has recently made breakthroughs in the development of 77GHz automotive millimeter-wave radar. It is expected that this year's products will be available. Although it is still unclear about the details of the product, especially whether the front-end radar sensor integrated circuit is developed independently or using foreign chips, in any case, this is a big move of the 77GHz automotive millimeter-wave radar sensor industry in China, which is worth looking forward to.
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