1 Introduction
With the development of mobile communication technology, the mobile Internet has become more and more popular, and the traditional Internet has been migrating to the mobile Internet. The smart wearable device has developed very rapidly in recent years and has become a hot industry. Smart wearable products cover a wide range of fields, from glasses, entertainment, child care, health, smart home, smart clothing to communications, etc., can add photos, voice recognition, lens navigation, weight monitoring and other functions. The smart wearable device can be considered as a mobile Internet-based smart terminal with high performance and low power consumption, and its display form is not a mobile phone, but a wearable item in daily life. It uses sensors to interact with the human body. It is a smart device born under the new concept. It has a wide range of applications and can be upgraded according to user needs. Smart wearable devices will play an important role in improving people's quality of life and promoting lifestyle intelligence. The smart wearable device industry will usher in a huge market space.
2 Development status of smart wearable devices
According to the main functions, smart wearable devices can be divided into the following categories: sports health, physical interaction, information and information, medical health and comprehensive functions, etc. Each type of equipment is targeted at different market segments and consumer groups. . Sports and medical health equipment include sports, body wristbands and smart bracelets. The main consumer groups are mass consumers; somatosensory control and comprehensive functional equipment include smart glasses, and consumer groups are mainly young people; information consultation The equipment has smart watches, and the main consumer groups are mass consumers. From the current point of view, there are more users of medical and sports health equipment.
With the increasingly fierce competition in the smart wear industry, the phenomenon of homogenization products has become more and more serious, and all kinds of intelligent hardware with only a single function have begun to seek cooperation with other intelligent hardware. In the future, as the smart wearable product technology in a single field becomes more and more mature, products in different fields and functions will complement each other according to the actual needs of users, thus bringing an intelligent experience that is more in line with user needs, and the development direction will become clearer. And diversification.
At present, the smart wearable products on the market mainly include bracelet products, watch products, glasses products and portable medical equipment products, such as Samsung, Sony, Huawei, Xiaomi's smart bracelet, Apple, Samsung's smart watches, Google. Smart glasses, etc. In addition, there are some jewellery, buttons, accessories and products that can be put into pockets or embedded in clothing, such as Swarovski Shine's SwarovskiShine solar wearable device series, Opening Ceremony's MICA smart bracelet.
3 Key technologies of smart wearable devices
The smart wearable device industry covers a wide range of technologies, including sensing technology, display technology, chip technology, operating system, wireless communication technology, data computing and processing technology, improved life time technology, and data interaction technology.
3.1 Sensing Technology
Sensing technology mainly completes voice control, eye tracking, gesture recognition, physiological monitoring (including heartbeat, blood pressure, sleep quality, etc.), and environmental perception (such as temperature, humidity, position and pressure). At present, the most commonly used sensor types are bone conduction, sound source sensing, muscle inductance measurement, gravity sensing, image sensing, gyroscope, accelerometer, magnetometer, direction sensing, linear acceleration sensing, and optical volume signal change. Sensing module, electrocardiogram brain wave sensing module, eye tracking sensing, etc.
3.2 Display Technology
Common display technologies currently used in smart wearable devices include thin film transistor liquid crystal displays, active matrix organic light emitting diodes, organic light emitting diodes, light emitting diodes, and electronic paper. In addition, the current three main wearable display technologies are:
(1) Micro display: such as silicon-based liquid crystal, MEMS/digital light source processing, laser scanning, etc.
(2) Flexible display: At present, Japanese semiconductor labs, Apple, Samsung, LG, Philips, Nokia and other giants are actively developing and promoting flexible flexible screens, batteries and human-machine interface systems and making patent layouts. At present, the research and development bottleneck of mainstream flexible display technology is mainly focused on the following aspects:
1) Improvement and improvement of the performance of core optoelectronic materials and related functional materials used in display technology, including research and development of new materials;
2) Research and development of device package substrates and related packaging materials;
3) Display device structure design and optimization with higher display performance parameters and efficiency;
4) Design and optimization of low power and high efficiency drive circuits;
5) Low-cost materials, production process research and development and industrialization.
(3) Transparent panel: Transparent display has begun to be applied to public billboards and window displays. If applied to personal wear, it is necessary to increase the penetration rate and resolution.
3.3 chip
Smart wearable device chips can be divided into three categories:
(1) Chips based on existing mobile phone processors: Exynos 4212 adopted by Samsung Galaxy Gear and OMAP 4430 adopted by Google Glass have the advantage of effectively utilizing existing platforms to accelerate development and powerful functions.
(2) Products based on single-chip microcomputer (MCU): such as Pebble watches, FitBit One bracelets are based on ARM Cortex-M structure MCU products.
(3) Chips specifically for smart wearable devices: Intel's Intel Edison for wearable device chip solutions is a dual-core chip, some support Android, and the other supports real-time operating systems; Qualcomm's Toq processor is wearable device Customized products, ARM Cortex-M3 architecture; Broadcom's BCM4771 processor, integrated positioning function; domestic Beijing Junzheng chip JZ4775, integrated CPU, Flash, LPDDR, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, FM, NFC and pressure sensors , temperature and humidity sensors and other devices.
3.4 Operating System
There are three main operating systems for smart wearable devices:
(1) Embedded real-time operating system (RTOS): features low power consumption and single task. Such as Samsung's smart wristband Gear Fit uses a real-time operating system.
(2) Operating system modified based on the Android platform. Such as Samsung's second-generation smart watch Gear 2 and Gear 2 Neo equipped with TIzen operating system.
(3) Proprietary operating system: Android Wear launched by Google, Newton platform launched by Beijing Junzheng.
3.5 Wireless communication technology
For smart wearable devices, short-range wireless communication technology is more suitable for data communication and information sharing between smart wearable users, smart wearable devices and other portable electronic devices. At present, most of the communication between the smart wearable device and the terminal is based on short-range wireless communication technologies such as WLAN, Bluetooth, and NFC, and the application data is synchronized using a proprietary protocol. Users can connect wearable devices to their smartphones through NFC technology, without the need for other complicated settings. Users can retrieve data from wearable devices via Bluetooth and WLAN technology and send data to smartphones or the cloud without It consumes too much power; users can also connect two Wi-Fi devices directly with WLAN Direct connection technology without setting up an access point. In addition, smart wearable devices can also transmit or share data through mobile communication technologies such as 3G and LTE.
3.6 Data Calculation Processing Technology
The human-computer interaction output interface or feedback includes text display, data analysis, voice feedback, dynamic or virtual image, etc. All of these output interfaces must be analyzed through content computing systems, such as Augmented Reality (AR), virtual Reality (VirtualReality, VR), AR combined with VR mixed reality (MixedReality), stereoscopic projection and other realistic content calculation and environment perception analysis and various measurement and analysis calculations such as blood pressure, blood oxygen, heart rate, pulse, body temperature and so on. In addition, related data processing technologies such as cloud computing and big data can send the data collected by the smart wearable device to the background in a timely and accurate manner. By performing effective statistical analysis on the collected data, the user can provide reasonable suggestions.
3.7 Improve life time technology
In smart wearable technology, how to improve the battery life of the device is the focus of attention and an important issue to be solved. At present, there are three main solutions: one is to reduce power consumption from the aspects of operating system, chip, screen and final interconnect, and to find a balance between performance and power consumption; second, to increase battery capacity, such as curved battery technology. The battery capacity is increased while reducing the size of the battery; the third is to alleviate the problem through technologies such as wireless charging, extreme charging, solar energy and biocharging, but most of these charging technologies are in the research stage and have not been commercialized on a large scale.
3.8 Data Interaction Technology
The value of smart wearable devices is not only simple hardware features, but also software and data services that rely on hardware. However, many enterprises' applications and cloud services are closed, there are data islands, data cannot be shared with other devices, and the open industrial ecosystem is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to open and unify the interface between smart wearable devices, mobile phones and cloud services, promote the flow and sharing of information, eliminate data islands, and create more value for users.
The interaction mode between the smart wearable device and the cloud platform can be divided into two types according to different communication modes: one is that the smart wearable device has the communication capability and can directly interact with the cloud platform; the other is that the wearable device does not have the communication capability. Need to interact with the cloud platform via mobile phone.
4 Smart wearable device development prospects
4.1 The market scale is further expanded
With the outbreak of smart wearable devices in 2014, with the official launch of Apple's Apple Watch in 2015, the launch of new products such as Huawei's Huawei Watch, HTC's Grip fitness bracelet and virtual reality headset Vive, smart wearable products will It will become more fashionable and smart, and the variety will be more abundant. According to IHS, the global market for wearable devices will reach $30 billion by 2018. IDC expects global shipments to reach 111.9 million units in 2018, with a compound annual growth rate of 78.4%.
4.2 All parties in the industrial chain further strengthen cooperation
The wearable device market industry chain mainly includes hardware, industry applications, social platforms, operational services, big data, cloud computing and other links. At present, the wearable device industry is still not mature enough. The products of different manufacturers are independent of each other and lack cooperation, and the data lacks effective sharing. At the same time, each wearable device develops its own application and data service platform. This end-to-end R&D model has a large investment and high risk, and at the same time, the human resources are scattered and it is difficult to focus on its core advantages. In the future, all parties in the smart wearable device industry chain will strengthen cooperation and jointly promote the development of the industry.
4.3 Smart wearable devices and related technologies are further integrated and standardized
Through standardization, it can promote industrial division of labor and strengthen interoperability among enterprises in different fields, thereby optimizing resource allocation, improving R&D efficiency and quality, and making all parties in the industry chain strengthen innovation and create products with core competitiveness. Standardization of data management and application interfaces of wearable devices and mobile phones facilitates integration of multiple wearable devices, reduces the complexity of third-party development applications, and integrates multiple data integration and sharing, facilitating users to uniformly manage and expand the ecological chain.
With the expansion of the smart wearable device market, smart wearable devices will be further integrated with life health and mobile Internet technologies. The low-power design and R&D level of wearable devices will be further improved, and intelligent human-computer interaction technology and product applications will be developed. . After the breakthrough of key technologies such as low-power and high-performance microprocessors, intelligent human-computer interaction, flexible stretchable devices, miniaturized power supply, and short-range wireless communication, the market for smart wearable devices will be further expanded.
4.4 Smart wearable device security is further strengthened
Most smart wearable devices use an open operating system and communicate wirelessly with external communications. Moreover, at this stage, product development pays more attention to the realization of functions, and the safety of the device itself is not high, resulting in many security risks. The main information security risks faced by smart wearable devices come from two aspects: internal vulnerabilities and external attacks.
Some smart wearable devices with virtual reality function will make users distract and use their personal safety. GoogleGlass keeps the user's eyes focused for a long time, which may have an impact on the physical structure of the original person. All electronic devices generate radiation, and smart wearable devices are intimately in contact with the human body for a long time, especially for head-mounted devices such as glasses and helmets. Therefore, it is particularly important to control, demand and regulate the radiation of smart wearable devices. Some wearable devices that have long-term contact with the skin cause discomfort or allergic reactions to the user's skin, and it is necessary to prevent the wearable device from causing harm to the body. With the popularity of smart wearable devices, the security of smart wearable devices will receive more attention, and its security will be gradually improved.
4.5 Related applications are becoming more and more abundant
Currently, there are fewer applications for smart wearable devices. In terms of the number of applications, such as Pebble smart watches have more than 1,000 applications, while Sony smart watches have more than 200 applications, Gear has only 70. Different from the needs of users of smart phone products, all kinds of smart wearable products are oriented to different market segments, so the ecosystem of smart wearable applications is severely fragmented, which is one of the reasons why there are fewer wearable applications. It has become very difficult for developers to develop applications for these environments, and time and effort costs have increased, and applications are the key to the development of smart wearable devices.
In addition, some killer applications are essential for the popularity of wearable devices. While many wearable apps are still like extensions for smartphone and tablet apps, wearable apps need to break this model and develop apps for things that smartphones can't do. Future wristband devices that occupy a significant market share of smart wearable devices will generate killer applications in the health and fitness category, a widespread use of smart wearable devices that will help drive the adoption and application development of smart wearable devices.
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