After entering 2011, LEDs gradually entered the interior lighting , which also means starting to enter the civilian family. On the one hand, this is a big joy, because the civilian market is very large; on the other hand, it is also a very serious challenge, because the civilian market requires particularly low cost and high reliability. It is still far from leaving the requirements to fully satisfy the civilian market. It can be said that there is still a long way to go.
The most common civilian lamps are incandescent lamps, which are our common bulbs. So if the LED is to replace the incandescent bulb, it is necessary to develop a bulb similar to an incandescent bulb, both in shape and shape. This is what we usually call LED bulbs. As you can imagine, the market for bulbs is huge.
one. Requirements for LED bulbs
Because you have to replace incandescent lamps, you must have at least the following requirements:
(click on the chart to enlarge)
1. Brightness is quite an incandescent lamp. Usually only wattage is spoken instead of lumens. Although the LED can only talk about the wattage, but because the LED light effect is still developing, only the wattage does not represent its lumens. The most common wattages for incandescent lamps are 15 watts, 30 watts, 45 watts, 60 watts, 75 watts, and 100 watts. If you want to talk about lumens, you can use the luminous efficiency of incandescent lamps to calculate. The luminous efficiency of incandescent lamps is 7.5-12 lm/W. The greater the wattage, the higher the efficiency. So the relative lumens of incandescent lamps listed above for several wattages can be listed as follows:
If LEDs are used instead, the corresponding wattage can also be obtained. But because the luminous efficiency of LEDs is constantly rising, it is difficult to give accurate figures. Assume that the current usual LED1 has a luminous efficacy of 100 lm/W. If the LED 2 with the highest luminous efficacy is used, the luminous efficiency is 130 lm/W (the warm white light effect will be lower than this value). It is possible to derive the corresponding wattage for the two efficacy LEDs. However, because the LED requires a constant current source, and the constant current source has a certain efficiency, it is assumed to be 85%. In addition, since the LED cannot be used as a transparent bulb, only the milky white bulb can be used. Its light transmittance is about 85%. The multiplication is equal to 0.72. After considering the above factors, you can get the wattage equivalent to incandescent lamps. As can be seen from the table, LED2 can save about 10 times the power at the same brightness. There is one point that needs special explanation. From the current efficacy and heat dissipation of LED bulbs, it is impossible to achieve more than 10 watts, which means that there are only LED bulbs that can replace 60-75W incandescent lamps. Of course, PAR lights are another matter (discussed later).
2. The shape should be similar to the usual incandescent lamp, so the LED bulb should also be pear-shaped. This is very easy to do. However, incandescent lamps are all-glass products, and it is difficult to use an all-glass structure because LEDs are required to dissipate heat. The structure of the LED bulb will be discussed in detail below.
3. The size is quite the same, because the LED needs a constant current source and a heat sink, so this is very difficult to do.
4. The weight is equivalent, and because the LED requires a constant current source and a heat sink, this is also very difficult to achieve.
5. The lamp head should be the same. Most of China used the bayonet type in the past. After the reform and opening up, most of them used the same screw type as the United States. It is the American E26 or E27. This is still very easy to do.
6. The power supply should be the same, it should be 220VAC (or 110VAC in the US), which is no problem.
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