The history of robots is not long. In 1959, the United States Engelberg and Devol made the world's first industrial robot , and the history of robots really began. Ingeberg studied servo theory at the university, a theory that studies how motion organizations can better track control signals. In 1946, Dvor invented a system that "replayed" the movement of the recorded machine. In 1954, Dvor was patented by a programmable manipulator. This robotic arm works according to procedures and can be programmed according to different work needs, so it is versatile and flexible, both Engelberg and Devol In researching robots, the automotive industry is considered to be the most suitable for working with robots because it is work with heavy machines and the production process is relatively fixed. In 1959, Ingeberg and Dvor teamed up to create the first industrial robot.
I. Reviewing the milestones in the development of robots
According to Techworld, the history of robots dates back to the ancient Greek era, and the philosopher Aristotle once talked about automation tools. The modern origin of robots is the Model T assembly line invented by Henry Ford.
In the Webster's Dictionary, the definition of robots is divided into three categories:
First, a machine that looks like a human can perform a variety of complex human actions (such as walking, talking), but it often lacks human emotions.
Second, devices that can automate complex tasks are good at repetitive tasks.
Third, the mechanism is guided by automatic control. It is very tempting to clarify the development history of the robot in a linear way, from the robot arm manufacturing car (Definition 2) to the humanoid robot (Definition 3) that explores the surrounding environment, and finally the machine can solve the problem by itself and in the game that humans are good at. Defeat humans (Definition 1). However, the development of robots is not so simple.
Techworld Techworld recently took stock of milestones in the development of robots over the past 100 years, from industrial robotic arms to the birth of complex artificial intelligence. The concept of humanoid robots comes from science fiction, mainly the work of American writer Asimov.
Asimov proposed the three laws of robots in 1942:
The first law: robots must not harm human individuals, or witness human beings will be in danger and will not care.
The second law: the robot must obey the command given to it by humans, with the exception of the order that conflicts with the first law.
The third law: The robot should protect its survival as much as possible without violating the first law and the second law.
1950: Turing Test
The word Turing test comes from the paper "Computers and Intelligence" written by Alan Turing, a pioneer in computer science and cryptography, in 1950. Turing believes that if a machine can talk to humans and cannot be identified as a machine, then the machine is smart. Although Turing's method has been criticized by many people for being too simple, it still has a huge impact on human thinking about artificial intelligence.
1948: William Grey Walter makes a turtle robot
Walter was regarded as the first scientist to make an electronic robot, and his robot was called machinaspeculatrix. Whenever the power is reduced, the robot, which looks like a turtle, can find its way to the charging station. Walter's creation laid the foundation for the birth of BEAM (Biology, Electronics, Aesthetics, and Mechanics) robots that do not require a microprocessor to provide computing power.
1954: George Devol applies for a patent for a programmable robot arm
Divor, Norman Heroux, and Joe Engleberger designed and built the first programmable robotic arm, which they called Unimate, and in 1960 Sold it to General Motors. The birth of this industrial robot laid the foundation for these repetitive, difficult or dangerous tasks.
1966: Stanford Research Institute develops Shakey
Between 1966 and 1972, the Stanford Research Institute designed the robot sand base, a milestone in the robotics world, because it combines hardware and software to sense the surrounding environment. After being widely concerned by the media, Shaki brought robots into public awareness.
1996: "Deep Blue" robot defeats chess master Garry Kasparov
In May 1997, IBM robot "Deep Blue" defeated world chess champion Kasparov in the official game. In 1996, it had already defeated Kasparov in a private contest.
2000: Honda launches robot ASIMO
Honda has introduced the classic humanoid robot ASIMO, which is designed as a personal assistant to understand voice commands, gestures, and communicate with the surrounding environment.
2004: IBM Smoke Supercomputer Watson
Watson is the successor to the "dark blue" robot, which made headlines in 2008 when it was in the quiz "Jeopardy!" Defeated humanity. This kind of competition requires the robot to have the complex ability to understand natural language. In 2011, Watson defeated human champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter.
2016: Google artificial intelligence system Alpha Go beats the chess champion Lee Sedol
In the Go game held on March 15, 2016, Alpha Go, an artificial intelligence system developed by Google subsidiary and British artificial intelligence startup Deep Mind, defeated the world champion Li Shishi. This is an important milestone for the Deep Mind R&D team. It means that in any case, human-created artificial intelligence can learn how to solve problems. And "dark blue" can only be pre-programmed, only for specific situations.
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