1 Overview
The Taihai Street Beihai Road Overpass is located at the intersection of Tianjin Taida Street and Beihai Road. TEDA Street is the Tongjin Link of Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway, which is the main channel for the communication between Tianjin and Tianjin and Tianjin Port. Beihai Road is one of the important trunk lines of the Tianjin Development Zone, and is part of the planned Central Line of Binhai New Area. Therefore, the overpass becomes a node where the expressway intersects with the urban main road. The overpass is about 2.24km long from east to west and 1.5km wide from north to south. Its structure is designed as three floors above ground and one underground. It is a fully interchanged overpass. The highest point of the overpass bridge is about 24m from the ground, which is equivalent to the height of the nine-story building. The majestic overpass is straight and stretched, and it is like a blue sky flying rainbow. In the open and flat area, it is tall and tall and beautiful.
The location of the overpass is in the central area of ​​the Tianjin Development Zone. The southwest of the overpass is the location of the management committee of the development zone and the center of the administrative and economic activities of the development zone. The southeast of the bridge is the cultural and educational zone. There are primary schools, middle schools, and TEDA colleges. It is the concentration of cultural education in the development zone. The northeast side of the overpass is a large-scale international event venue such as the International Convention and Exhibition Center and the TEDA International Football Stadium under construction and its supporting hotel facilities. Therefore, the overpass is a transportation hub and an important place for human activities.
The main purpose of the construction of the overpass is to meet the requirements of the traffic function. Due to the characteristics of the overpass, the constraints of the space and the influence of the design concept, the shape and main structure of most overpasses are basically the same, and it is impossible to leave too much room for aesthetic design. Landscape lighting must use the unique rendering function of the light, using color, brightness contrast and other methods to make it as bright and beautiful as possible.
The lighting project of the bridge is a whole, and it should have a unified style and coordinate with each other. Lighting design is to use the good combination of illumination, brightness and color. Through the contrast of light and dark, strength, weakness, size, height and density, the transition is smooth, the combination of points and faces forms the overall melody of beat coordination, reflecting the modern atmosphere and showing the Tianjin Development Zone. Style.
The lighting design of the overpass itself consists of functional lighting and landscape lighting. Functional lighting is mainly to solve the night driving roads, bridge lighting, broaden the horizon, guide the driving direction, ensure traffic safety, smooth, and improve transportation efficiency. The purpose of landscape lighting is to reflect the three-dimensionality of the overpass by appropriate lighting techniques according to the characteristics of the bridge, and to express the beautiful appearance of the bridge from an aesthetic point of view. The building that stretches and smashes the hustle and bustle and the continuous flow of lights and lights form an organic whole that combines dynamics and statics, which weakens the place that is not beautiful, and makes the beautiful place more beautiful. Using the light art effect, create a comfortable, comfortable and beautiful environment culture, improve the artistic atmosphere of the region, and form a lighting landscape node with the overpass as the core.
Landscape lighting is a kind of lighting project in the art category, not only to make it bright, but also to make it artistic and beautiful, to form a special landscape in a specific environment. Therefore, the lighting design is not indiscriminately lit, but it is not as bright as possible, but should be the use of light and dark contrast, the light is bright, the dark is dark, just right, moderately beautiful. The bright environment is suitable for a warm, festive atmosphere and lively and bustling occasions. The landscape lighting of the overpass should be based on the bridge body, highlighting the dignity of the bridge. In order to achieve the overall consistency and harmony, before the construction design, the design of the overall landscape lighting of the overpass was carried out by the British Lidingling International Lighting Design Co., Ltd. (LDPI), and the overall artistic effect of the overpass area was carried out. Unified planning and guidance. Then the construction drawing design was carried out by our hospital.
The author introduces some ideas in the design of overpass lighting and the various methods adopted for this purpose, and discusses with you, the purpose is to throw a brick.
2 Design of functional lighting for overpasses
The functional lighting design of this project is mainly divided into high pole lighting in the central area of ​​the overpass, road lighting in the outreach part of the overpass, and tunnel lighting. The functional lighting is mainly controlled by direct light distribution.
2.1 Overpass central area lighting
In the central area of ​​the overpass, the roads are concentrated, and the bridges overlap vertically and horizontally. If the method of arranging ordinary road lighting facilities on the bridge is adopted, the following consequences will result: 1 the light poles are crowded and dazzling, and the lights between the upper span bridge and the underpass road cross each other, which is prone to glare, affecting driving, and greatly Increase the amount of engineering; 2 The design of the pole position and the height of the pole on the bridge must be combined with the position of the bridge structure pier, it will be difficult to ensure the uniformity of illumination; 3 the vibration of the bridge body during driving will greatly affect the life of the light source on the bridge.
Therefore, it is not appropriate to use the light poles on the bridge for lighting in the central area of ​​the overpass. This design adopts the practice of concentrating lighting fixtures at high points, that is, using high pole lighting. Four 35m high pole lights are installed in the central area, which is responsible for the main road and bridge lighting in the central area of ​​the overpass. Reduce the phenomenon of poles, fully utilize the characteristics of high poles and high illumination radius, improve illumination uniformity, reduce engineering quantity and limit glare.
2.2 TEDA Street Road Lighting
The central part of the overpass is basically a straight line segment to the surrounding area. On the basis of meeting the requirements of the specification, the common street lamp poles are symmetrically arranged on both sides to improve the road lighting inducibility and save investment. The east-west road of the overpass is Taida Street, which is connected to the Tonggang Road, so the lighting effect must be balanced. Lighting equipment must not only ensure the characteristics of the overpass lighting, but also must be compatible with the original road lighting, taking into account the overall lighting continuity of the road. Do not form an excessively strong contrast, nor create bright spots with strong stimuli in the bridge area. Therefore, the illuminance design on the road should be the same as or slightly higher than the road outside the district, and gradually transition.
In addition, because most of the road lighting outside the overpass uses high-pressure sodium lamps with high luminous efficiency, good fog permeability and long life as the main light source (color temperature is mainly 2800K warm white, forming a slightly yellowish lighting effect), in order to highlight the characteristics of the viaduct. In order to meet the needs of landscape lighting, within the area of ​​the overpass lighting area, on the road in the direction of TEDA Street, 16m high ordinary street light poles are arranged along the road. It is equipped with a half-beam type lighting fixture, and uses a 4000K white metal halide lamp as the main light source. Therefore, it is slightly different from the original road lighting of the city.
2.3 Beihai Road Lighting
The guiding ideology of road lighting design in Beihai Road is the same as that of Taida Street, but it is only necessary to coordinate with the original road lighting of Beihai Road. No longer.
2.4 Ramp lighting
The overpass has elevated ramps and ground ramps. The elevated ramps are the main content of the landscape lighting of the overpass. The functional lighting is solved by high pole lights. Part of the ground ramp is only used as a supplement to the low-lighting of the lower part of the bridge. It is illuminated by ordinary poles, and the light source uses a light source that is consistent with the dominant color temperature in the area. The ground ramp uses a 10m high-light pole to be fitted with a half-cut type luminaire.
2.5 tunnel function lighting
The overpass bridge Beihai Road passes through the Taida Street under the tunnel, and the tunnel is a key point of the project. The length of the tunnel is about 37.5m. From the perspective of functional lighting, there is a big difference between the brightness of the tunnel and the outside of the tunnel. When a high-speed vehicle passes through a tunnel, it is difficult for the driver to adapt to the glare formed by the black-and-white contrast, which may cause a decline in visual function. The "black hole phenomenon" that enters the tunnel moment will also make the driver feel uncomfortable. Therefore, although the tunnel interior lighting and the tunnel exterior lighting are two separate parts of different ranges, there is no special requirement for this, but the transition process at the junction is the focus of the lighting project must be carefully analyzed and carefully considered. The lighting should be scientifically designed at the joint, and efforts should be made to gradually change the brightness, giving the driver an adaptation process as much as possible to ensure a good visual effect. Combine tunnel functional lighting with landscape lighting. Gradually change the light intensity, produce a gradual effect, and meet the process requirements of the driver to adapt to the environment.
This project uses a unique light distribution tunnel lamp, which is arranged at the left and right corners of the top of the tunnel. To achieve the purpose of controlling glare. The tunnel entrance is illuminated by the ramp, and the embedded wall-mounted diffused light fixture is used to install the protection board on one side of the driving direction to control glare.
3 overpass landscape lighting
The effect of lighting is inseparable from the lighting carrier. Lighting can only reflect the inherent style of the building, reflecting and highlighting its characteristics. In addition to the basic functions of lighting, the lighting can also play a role in setting the atmosphere, upgrading the level and improving the quality. Can beautify the environment and regulate the mind. Satisfy the visual enjoyment and make people happy.
If you use light to make a comprehensive representation of all road edge contours, the technique is simple. Increasing investment, but not highlighting the center of performance, often does not have a good final result. This design strives to comprehensively consider the combination of functional lighting and landscape lighting, taking into account the overall effect, highlighting the key points, both to have a sense of layering, but also to integrate. In the use of light color, the illumination source of the overall overpass area is mainly composed of a metal halide light source with a color temperature of 3000K or more. In the central area of ​​the overpass, the high pole lamp uses a metal halide lamp with better color rendering as the main light source, forming a clear night scene effect. The white light source is contrasted with the warm white or yellow light used for ordinary road lighting, which is both different and compatible. In the central area of ​​the overpass, a metal halide lamp is used as the main light source to improve color rendering. The light of the four high-bar lights with functional lighting is dominated by white-lighted floodlights, which fully reflects the magnificent and majestic beauty of the bridge.
In the overall design of the lighting project, the light source, color temperature and color rendering of the light source are considered; the use of the functional lighting background light; the distribution of the light to the light and the control of the glare; the combination of the intersection of the overpass and the abduction And transitions, etc., this part of the lamps mainly use reflective and scattering type lamps. The type of lamps and the type of light source used in the lighting design should not be too much or too complicated. Under the premise of meeting the requirements, the fewer the types, the better. Efforts should be made to reflect their unique style and avoid similarities. It is also conducive to daily maintenance.
The lampposts on both sides of the road use a metal halide light source to create a striking color mark using the filter glass, and depict the roadside line in the central area where there is no Street light pole. Both inductive and decorative functions.
Bridge piers and retaining walls, because the space under the overpass bridges is generally short and compact, most of the bridge structure and retaining walls are not surface-finished, and the original concrete wall is kept intact, cold and rough, difficult to form. Point, should use the fade method.
3.1 Bridge guardrail lighting
The lighting on the guardrail on the bridge is within the driver's field of view, so glare must be prevented. It is necessary to form a landscape, enhance inducibility, and must prevent interference with the driver's sight. The guardrail indicates the range of the lane and guides the lane direction. If the linear illuminator is used to outline the guardrail, the number of lamps is large, the installation and maintenance are difficult, and the jump of the guardrail light on the bridge with the height of the bridge will make the vehicle move fast. The people on it are not comfortable. Therefore, the bridge guardrail lighting uses low-power, low-illuminance LED torch lights. The method of installing a point light source at a distance can not only outline the road guardrail, but also improve the inductivity of the lighting facilities without glare stimulation. The outline outlined by the dotted line gives enough room for imagination.
The road in the central area of ​​the overpass runs up and down, and the surrounding areas gradually extend to the far side. The image of these roadways mainly depends on the railings at the edge of the lane. Then, the illumination effect of the railing and its lighting pattern form the main picture that the rider appreciates. From the car, use the red LED torch light on the bridge to remind the road contour, and also has a warning function to form auxiliary lines, as shown in Figure 1.
Because the overpass is a flexible structure, when the vehicle is driving on the bridge, the bridge and the guardrail will have a strong tremor, which seriously affects the life of the light source, especially for a light source with a filament, which is fatal. In the design of the torch on the guardrail, the light source uses a new light source with good seismic performance, long life and low power consumption - LED light source. In order to meet the problem of light source life under the tremor environment on the bridge.
3.2 Main body illumination of the bridge
The main part of the bridge is the side of the bridge. Its largest area, the combination of structure and reality, is very eye-catching and is the most spectacular visual surface. The upper deck and the lower deck form a virtual and solid contrast, with a layered visual effect. The outline of the bridge here can best reflect the grandeur of the bridge, the multi-storey elevated, smooth line shape and structural features, showing the spectacular scene of the rainbow flying frame. This project uses a continuous fluorescent lamp to illuminate the bridge abdomen on the side of the bridge, highlighting the majestic continuous viaduct.
Illumination is the rational use of luminous flux, using the contrast between light and dark, highlighting the understanding of the shadow, forming a unified landscape combined with the environment. The abdomen of the bridge and the fluorescent lamp on the outer side of the bridge are illuminated, which highlights the physical structure of the bridge and constitutes the visual focus above the line of sight of the central axis of the overpass. It forms the effect of the combination of internal and external virtual, virtual and real, and shows the smooth effect of the linear type. The development zone is located in the plain, and the night view from the bridge: the space under the bridge is an open space with an open space as the background. The bridge crane suspends the fluorescent lamp and controls the light to illuminate only the abdomen of the bridge. Lighting is provided on the bottom of the bridge to increase the openness of the space under the bridge. Conceal the fluorescent lamp strip on the outside of the crash barrier to control the light to illuminate only the outside of the bridge. The light band composed of T5 fluorescent tubes is used to form a continuous solid line type; the outline of the bridge structure is depicted to form a pattern core line.
From an architectural point of view, the pier is an important part of the treatment of the bridge column lighting. From different angles, there are different ways, and some designs work on the pier. In this project, in order to highlight the bridge body, highlight the key effects of the underground tunnel lighting, avoid all aspects, so that the bridge body under the surface of the formation of light and dark contrast, the bridge pier column used a desalination, darkening method, so as not to cause the column group standing, smashing the Lord.
3.3 Tunnel lighting
The tunnel under the Beihai Road under the TEDA Street is the first tunnel in the entire development zone. The tunnel adopts a dock-type structure, which reflects the diversification of the structure.
Lighting at the tunnel population is a key area of ​​tunnel lighting. After entering the bridge area, the edge of the road adopts a transition from warm white to white, and the roadside column lamp plays an inductive role. When the roadway penetrates into the tunnel, in order to adapt to the natural light at the entrance, the light is suddenly darkened. Firstly, the illumination of the tunnel population is increased, as close as possible to the brightness outside the tunnel, so that the brightness gradually changes, avoiding the "black hole phenomenon" and ensuring driving safety. . In the open section of the U-shaped trough under the tunnel, the concealed cylindrical wall lamp is embedded on both sides, and the inlaid wall lamp post is gradually increased from the short, and then becomes shorter with the ramp, and the light meets at a distance to attract the driver's attention. Inductive, suggesting that it will enter the tunnel. The combination of the high and low changes of the lamps and the trend of the roads is used to guide the line of sight and highlight the characteristics of the tunnel. The side wall of the tunnel is embedded in the installed column light and finally introduced into the tunnel entrance. Due to the relatively high brightness in the night tunnel, the brightness of the vehicle is suddenly reduced when it exits the tunnel exit. The design strives to gradually dim the brightness from the bright, avoiding the incompatibility and instantaneous blindness caused by the sudden change of the light after the tunnel. Reflecting human design.
A cold-mounted source of light-cathode light is installed in the center of the top of the tunnel. Play a decorative and inductive function.
3.4 Column lights on both sides of the road
The column lights on both sides of the road induce the direction of the road and outline the road. TEDA Street is arranged in an equal height. In the direction of Beihai Road, the light from the lamppost undulates with the ramp and then enters the tunnel entrance. Combined with tunnel lighting and integrated into one.
The column lamp is buried in an electrical device and a light source, and is illuminated by scattered light. To achieve the purpose of controlling glare, the buried arrangement of electrical equipment can prevent personal electric shock accidents caused by the impact of the lamps, and ensure safety.
3.5 Bridgehead lighting
The four bridgeheads at the four ends of the overpass will be combined with the characteristics of the bridgehead building to mark the vehicle entering the overpass area. The architectural sketch combines the style of the bridge to highlight its own characteristics. Landscape lighting is the use of special features of light to reflect the characteristics of architectural essays, especially under the night lights.
The lighting of the greening background of the bridge area is an important part of the overall landscape effect. It uses the exquisite lightness and high majestic contrast to reflect the unique human landscape of the overpass area. In combination with the greening results, the tall trees are illuminated by under-tree lighting, which will adopt different lighting techniques and light colors according to the characteristics of the trees.
4 control of glare of lamps
The purpose of road lighting is to ensure traffic safety and increase driving speed. All the overpass areas and the choice of surrounding lighting fixtures, the location and angle of the fixtures must be determined to control the glare, to ensure that the glare of harmful driving can not occur, to ensure safe driving. The center of the overpass is illuminated by high pole lights, which is good for controlling glare; the torch lights with low power and low illumination are used on the elevated ramps to control glare. In order to control direct glare, the side wall of the tunnel has a hidden lamp post. On the side of the driving direction, a one-way protection plate is installed, so that the driver can only see the diffused light reflected by the lamp when driving, and it is impossible to directly see the light source. Direct light, see Figure 2.
Similarly, in order to control the glare of the column lights on both sides of the road, the column light source is hidden in the buried lamp, and the light is irradiated with the scattered light to control the direct glare (see Figure 3). Other buried lights, tunnel lights, and ordinary street lights do not use non-cutting lamps. The unique light distribution curve ensures effective control of glare.
5 Electrical design and protection level
All lighting fixtures and electrical equipment used outdoors must ensure personal safety and equipment safety requirements. Its protection level should be no less than IP67, so it is dustproof, waterproof, anti-corrosive and anti-collision. In addition to improving the degree of protection, luminaires where humans can naturally come into contact must also use safety voltages or necessary protective equipment to ensure personal safety.
In order to prevent the accident from expanding due to accidental impact of the vehicle, such as electric shock, electrical fire, etc., all the places where the project may be hit, the lighting fixtures have adopted corresponding anti-collision measures. The light source and electrical equipment of the column lamps on both sides of the road are buried in the ground that cannot be hit by the vehicle, and are illuminated by scattered light. The lamp post of the ramp inlet is embedded in the wall and protects the electrical equipment from impact in addition to controlling glare. The tunnel lights are embedded in the ceiling of the tunnel.
6 Conclusion
Lighting design, especially landscape lighting, is inherently between art and engineering, and covers a wide range. It may be due to different carriers, different cultural backgrounds, different moods of the viewers, etc. Even for the same design, a completely different conclusion can be drawn. The author just introduces some ideas of the designer. If you have any problems, please criticize and correct. 
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