0 Introduction The Beijing Municipal Construction Commission and the Municipal Development and Reform Commission announced in January 2008 the average electricity and water consumption of some Beijing national government office buildings and large public buildings that implemented energy audits last year. Among them, the audited 20-unit office building of the state organs has an average annual power consumption of 85.4 kWh per square meter of building area (average 85.4 kWh / m2), and a per capita annual power consumption of 3072.5 kWh (average 3072.5 kWh / person ). The annual power consumption of office buildings and large public buildings of state organs accounts for about 22% of the total power consumption of cities and towns in the country. The annual power consumption per square meter is 10 to 20 times that of ordinary residential houses. It is a similar building in developed countries such as Europe and Japan. 1.5 to 2 times.
On the one hand, China's large public buildings consume huge amounts of energy. On the other hand, we also lack direct data to provide a basis and reference for decision-making. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Jianke [2008] No. 114 (2008-06-24) "Notice on Printing and Distributing Related Technical Guidelines for the Construction of Energy Consumption Monitoring Systems for Office Buildings and Large Public Buildings of State Organs", for energy consumption monitoring systems Specific specifications were made. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a large-scale public building energy consumption monitoring platform to monitor real-time energy consumption of key buildings in key cities in the country, and to promote state agencies to work through energy consumption statistics, energy audits, energy efficiency publicity, energy quotas and over-quota markups. Buildings and large public buildings improve the level of energy-saving operation management, and provide references for government policy formulation and decision-making.
1 Energy consumption monitoring system constitutes the energy consumption monitoring system refers to the installation of classified and itemized energy consumption measurement devices for office buildings and large public buildings of state organs, and the use of remote transmission and other means to collect energy consumption data in a timely manner to achieve online energy consumption in key buildings The collective name of hardware system and software system for monitoring and dynamic analysis function [1]. Among them, the classified energy consumption refers to the energy consumption data collected and sorted according to the main energy types of office buildings and large public buildings consumed by state organs, such as electricity, gas, and water. The sub-item energy consumption refers to the energy consumption data collected and sorted according to the main uses of various energy sources. For example, the sub-item energy consumption should include: lighting socket power, air conditioning power, power power, and special power.
1.1 Data collection system Energy consumption data collection methods include manual collection methods and automatic collection methods. The data collected through manual collection includes basic building data collection indicators and other energy consumption data that cannot be collected automatically, such as coal, liquefied petroleum, and artificial gas consumed by buildings. The data collected by the automatic collection method includes building energy consumption data and classified energy consumption data, which are collected in real time by automatic measurement devices and transmitted to the data center in real time by automatic transmission.
1.2 Data transmission technology The energy consumption data collected by the automatic metering device of the building energy consumption monitoring system is automatically and real-time uploaded to the data center through the RS485 interface and using the TCP / IP communication protocol to ensure that the data is effectively managed and supported. Efficient query service, while data transmission adopts certain coding rules to achieve consistency in data organization, storage and exchange.
1.3 Data Center The data center is the database, which receives and stores the energy consumption data of the monitoring buildings in its management area, and processes, analyzes, displays and publishes it. The data center has the time interval for setting data updates, accessing historical data, alarming, printing reports, real-time and historical curves, drawing charts, and reserves corresponding expansion functions.
1.4 System structure
The Acrel-5000 energy consumption monitoring system uses computers, communication equipment, and measurement and control units as basic tools to provide a basic platform for real-time data collection, switch status monitoring, and remote management and control of large public buildings. Complex monitoring system. The system mainly uses a layered distributed computer network structure, as shown in Figure 1: station control management layer, network communication layer and field equipment layer.
Figure 1 System structure diagram
1) Station control management The station control management is the direct window of human-computer interaction for the management personnel of the energy consumption monitoring system, and it is also the uppermost part of the system. It is mainly composed of system software and necessary hardware equipment, such as industrial computers, printers, and UPS power supplies. The monitoring system software has a good human-computer interaction interface. It calculates, analyzes and processes all kinds of collected data information on the scene, and reflects the running status of the scene by means of graphics, digital display and sound.
Monitoring host: used for data collection, processing and data forwarding. Provide data interfaces for inside or outside the system for system management, maintenance and analysis.
Printer: The system calls for printing or automatic printing of graphics, reports, etc.
Simulation screen: The system exchanges data with the intelligent simulation screen through communication, and visually displays the operating status of the entire system.
UPS: Ensure the normal power supply of the computer monitoring system, and ensure the normal operation of the station control management equipment when power supply problems occur in the entire system.
2) Network communication layer The communication layer is mainly composed of communication management machine, Ethernet equipment and bus network. This layer is a bridge for data information exchange. It is responsible for collecting, classifying, and transmitting the data information returned by the field devices, and at the same time, conveys various control commands of the host computer to the field devices.
Communication management machine: It is the system data processing and intelligent communication management center. It has the functions of data acquisition and processing, communication controller, front-end machine and so on.
Ethernet equipment: including industrial-grade Ethernet switches.
Communication medium: The system mainly uses shielded twisted pair, optical fiber and wireless communication.
3) Field equipment layer The field equipment layer is a data collection terminal, which is mainly composed of intelligent instruments. It adopts a distributed I / O controller with high reliability and a field bus connection to form a data collection terminal, and uploads the stored buildings to the data center. Energy consumption data. The measuring instrument is responsible for the most basic data collection task, and the energy consumption data monitored by it must be complete, accurate and transmitted to the data center in real time.
2 Software implementation and system functions The host computer software is Acrel-5000 energy consumption monitoring system configuration software. This software is a special software for collecting and monitoring on-site energy consumption data. The biggest feature is its flexible and diverse "configuration form" "Instead of programming for system integration, it provides a good user development interface and a simple engineering implementation method, as long as the various software modules preset by it are simply" configured ", it can be easily achieved and Complete the on-site data collection and monitoring functions. Acrel-5000 energy consumption monitoring system has a friendly human-computer interaction interface, which can collect real-time and regular parameters and on-off status of field devices, and upload the collected data to the data center for storage. The system also provides real-time curve and historical trend curve analysis, reports, event records and fault alarms that meet user design needs. The entire system can realize the collection and statistics of energy consumption of all loops, and realize the functions of remote automatic meter reading and energy consumption monitoring.
(1) Operation status monitoring: alarm notification for abnormal communication.
(2) User management: Different user rights have different operation functions. The password modification operation function of all levels of authority has the function of preventing mistakes.
(3) Energy consumption reports and bar graphs: All energy consumption reports can be queried by time, divided into daily, monthly, and annual reports, etc., real-time energy consumption bar graph display with arbitrary classification and itemization.
(4) Print and export: all reports and interfaces can be printed or exported in EXCEL, WORD format.
3 Application Case A library in Pudong, Shanghai is a large public building with high energy consumption. The total construction area is 60,885 square meters. The energy consumed is mainly electricity and water, as well as a small amount of gas and diesel. The diesel generator is used as an emergency power supply. . The project's energy consumption monitoring system adopts a three-layer network structure. Each floor classifies and sub-meters electricity consumption. Each floor and the main water supply pipeline, gas, and diesel pipeline are equipped with measuring instruments to achieve real-time energy consumption collection and monitor. All intelligent measuring instruments are networked through the field bus, and centralized monitoring and management of the energy consumption status of each loop in the field in the monitoring room.
In this project, Yanxiang Industrial Computer is used as the monitoring host, with LCD display, printer and other equipment. When the power supply problem of the whole system occurs, the UPS power supply can ensure the normal operation of the station control management equipment within a certain period of time. The data acquisition terminal adopts high-reliability, intelligent measuring instruments with field bus connection. For the library power supply and distribution system, ACR series multi-function power meters are installed in the low-voltage incoming circuit and important circuits, and ADL series rail-type energy meters are installed in the ordinary feeder circuit and the lighting distribution box. The appearance of the meter is shown in Figure 2 [2] [3].
Figure 2 Intelligent power network instrument
ACR series multi-function power meters have comprehensive three-phase AC electric power measurement, double-rate electric energy measurement, four-quadrant electric energy measurement, 2 ~ 31 harmonic analysis, power grid quality analysis, remote signal input, remote control output and network communication functions, mainly It is used for comprehensive monitoring and power management of the power supply quality of the power grid, and is widely used in low-voltage contact cabinets, outlet cabinets, power cabinets and other occasions. In addition to collecting basic energy parameters, the ADL series rail-mounted energy meter has the advantages of small size and convenient installation. The structure size of the ADL100 single-phase energy meter is 4 modules. It is installed in the lighting distribution box together with the miniature circuit breaker. As shown in Figure 3, the ADL300 three-phase energy meter has a 7-modulus structure and is mainly used in power cabinets. The installation method is shown in Figure 4, which greatly facilitates the automation of electricity management.
Figure 3 ADL100 application installation example
Figure 4 ADL300 used in power cabinet
The energy consumption monitoring system completes the data collection of various power circuits, water supply, gas and diesel pipelines through the transmission channels provided by the field equipment and communication system. The information is analyzed and processed, and it is provided to the duty officer in various forms such as reports and graphics. For reference, the duty officer can conveniently grasp the operation and energy consumption of the system, find and correct energy waste in time, and carry out energy-saving management. When needed, it can also provide fast remote control means to complete the change of equipment operating status and the handling of accidents.
Figure 5 Main interface of library energy consumption monitoring system
Table 1 Query table of library energy consumption statistics
Figure 5 is the main interface of the library energy consumption monitoring system, which can query the usage status of various energy consumptions. Table 1 shows the library energy consumption data query table, which clearly shows the usage of various energy sources. Figure 6 is a pie chart of electricity consumption for library lighting, air conditioning, and sockets given by the system, which intuitively shows the percentage of electricity consumption by item. And Figure 7 is based on all the classified energy consumption data collected by the system, and the classified energy consumption bar graph drawn by the system can visually see the use of classified energy.
Figure 6 Pie chart of annual electricity consumption of the library
Figure 7 Comparison of energy consumption by library classification
4 Conclusion With the increasing energy tension, energy saving and consumption reduction have become an inevitable choice for the intelligent construction of large public buildings. The energy consumption monitoring system introduced in this article can not only monitor the operation status of the power supply and distribution system, but also monitor water consumption, gas, etc The use status of other energy, and can draw various reports, analysis curves, graphics, etc. based on the collected energy consumption data, which is convenient for analysis and research, and provides a reference for the energy-saving technology of intelligent buildings. The system is safe and reliable, and has functions such as event recording and fault alarm, which greatly facilitates the user's use. With the development of society and the increasing tension of energy, the realization of remote monitoring and management of classified energy consumption and itemized energy consumption has become an inevitable trend in the development of intelligent buildings.
Ac Power Source,1000Hz Ac Power Supply,400Hz Ac Power Supply,Regulated Ac Power Supply
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